The actual problems of regional economy development
Strengthening the economic independence of the Ukrainian state largely depends on the efficiency of management at all levels. This necessitates a significant reform of the country's management mechanism, including its territorial planning system, raising the level of development of individual regions on the basis of complexity, dynamism, systematicity, interaction and interconnection of individual economic entities as constituent components of an integral economic system. At the same time, economic transformations should be justified as much as possible, using the achievements of science and practice. The magazine is devoted to a wide range of extremely relevant economic and organizational issues today. The journal's scientific works outline the theoretical foundations of state regulation mechanisms, investigate the problems of the functioning of state finances, the formation of the structure of financial resources, the development of the financial market, and the problems of economic security. Most of the works are devoted to the study of accounting and auditing, labor economics, social economics and politics. It is also worth noting the study of economic security, marketing, problems of the development of the financial and credit market. The authors solve theoretical issues with a concise reference to practical experience and give well-founded recommendations. ISSN 2313-8246 (print) E-ISSN 2518-7589 (online)
Vasyl Stefanyk Сarpathian National University
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TRENDS AND STRATEGIES OF SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESS MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES
The purpose of the article is to study current trends and strategies in innovative marketing, analyze their impact on the effectiveness of small and medium-sized business development and competitiveness in the market. The article also aims to study innovative approaches to interacting with customers, the use of technologies and methods in marketing campaigns, and identify key areas for developing marketing strategies in the face of new rapid changes in the market. The article examines modern trends and strategies in innovative marketing that form new approaches to attracting consumers and creating competitive advantages in a dynamic market environment. Particular attention is paid to the impact of digital technologies, personalization of customer experience, the use of artificial intelligence and big data analysis in the processes of making marketing decisions. The concepts of sustainable development and social responsibility as key elements of modern marketing strategies are considered. The authors analyze successful cases of implementing innovative approaches in marketing activities, outlining the prospects for further transformation of the industry. It is proven that the integration of artificial intelligence, automation and big data allows optimizing marketing processes, improving consumer behavior forecasts and increasing the effectiveness of communications. In turn, innovative strategies help build a positive brand image, emphasizing its social responsibility and involvement in sustainable development. It is emphasized that trends and strategies in innovative marketing are becoming key tools for business development, increasing its flexibility and ensuring long-term success in the conditions of the modern economy. The theoretical value of the study lies in the generalization and systematization of modern trends and strategies of innovative marketing.The practical value of the study is to identify applied tools and technologies that can be used by enterprises to adapt to market changes, personalization of interaction with consumers, enhancement of customer loyalty, as well as the implementation of innovative strategies, focused on sustainability, social responsibility and effective management of marketing processes.
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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS IN THE CONTEXT OF FORMING PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP RELATIONS
The article considers the main theoretical and applied provisions of the implementation of the concept of corporate social responsibility by business structures and justifies the expediency of using the mechanism of public-private partnership as a basis for the implementation of social projects. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical and applied aspects of the implementation of the policy of corporate social responsibility in the activities of domestic enterprises, taking into account the possibility of implementing public-private partnership relations as a tool for the implementation of social projects. The essence of corporate social responsibility models is studied. The relationship between the concept of social responsibility and the level of indicators of the World Happiness Index is substantiated, the ranking of countries according to the Happiness Index according to the results of 2024 is analyzed. The main provisions that characterize the current state of corporate social responsibility in Ukraine are determined. Based on a study of the experience of implementing the policy of corporate social responsibility, the main competitive advantages are determined, the receipt of which stimulates enterprises to implement a policy of socially responsible business. The essence of the category "public-private partnership" is studied. It is proven that the implementation of a public-private partnership project based on the principles of corporate social responsibility is a guarantee of integration into the global business community by providing the domestic company with appropriate reporting, and the involvement of public-private partnership instruments in the practice of corporate social responsibility for the company is important and a priority in the context of its image and reputation, since their forming basis is the conditions and rules of interaction with stakeholders and the corresponding system of values. It is emphasized that in the future, the company's image will determine its market value, the rules of the game and interaction with other market participants, and the impact on the market situation. In times of crisis, the company's reputation acts as a buffer, which is a kind of tool for counteracting negative phenomena in times of destructive changes. Also, in times of intensifying competition and the need to attract investments, reputation is a determining criterion for investment activity, especially with the involvement of foreign companies. It is substantiated that the use of the public-private partnership instrument can contribute to the active involvement of business in external social policy simultaneously with the implementation of its own social development directions.
STUDY OF THE EXTERNAL MACRO- AND MICROENVIRONMENT OF AGRI-INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
The article examines the specifics of researching the external and internal environment of an enterprise in the agro-industrial complex in order to improve its functioning, which defines the relevance of the study. An analysis of the enterprise’s environment was carried out to monitor economic and managerial processes and to establish the interconnection between factors influencing the management system. The analysis of external environmental factors was based on the application of the industry five forces model and PEST analysis, which made it possible to assess the external economic situation in the areas of production, commercial activity, and competition, as well as the importance of macro-environmental factors affecting agro-industrial enterprises. The microenvironment was assessed using a multi-criteria grouping method, which allowed for the identification of influencing factors, probable change trends, and their impact on the enterprise’s operations. Based on the assessment of consumers, suppliers, threats of substitute products, potential market entrants, and the competitive rivalry within the industry, a competitive profile of the agro-industrial enterprise was constructed, and its level of competitiveness within the industry was determined. The external environment assessment made it possible to identify potential threats associated with increasing competition and the emergence of a wide range of substitutes for the enterprise’s core products. The presence of favorable factors was substantiated, enabling the enterprise to attract investment and expand innovative activities, thus increasing its appeal to a broader consumer base. The purpose of the article is to analyze existing approaches to researching the external macro and micro environment of agro-industrial enterprises to formulate strategic goals and long-term development prospects. The study employed various scientific methods, including analysis (PEST and SWOT analysis), evaluation (including scoring methods), and market segmentation. As a result of the analysis and assessment of the external macro and micro environment of the agro-industrial enterprise, interconnections between influencing factors were identified, allowing for the outlining of strategic directions for future development. The application of the market segmentation method helped to highlight system-forming criteria that are homogeneous in economic and social characteristics. The scientific novelty is the assessment of the external macro- and microenvironment based on the use of special methods for enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, which makes it possible to determine strategic goals and promising directions for its further development. The practical significance of the research lies in the application of existing developments for enterprises of the Dniprovska agro-industrial group of companies.
THE INTERRELATION BETWEEN BUSINESS PLANNING AND COST MANAGEMENT OF AN ENTERPRISE DURING A CRISIS PERIOD FOR MAINTAINING COMPETITIVENESS AND MAKING EFFECTIVE MANAGERIAL DECISIONS
Business planning plays a leading role in the effective cost management of an enterprise, as it enables a systematic assessment of financial needs, the prioritization of expenditures, and the forecasting of potential financial risks. A properly developed business plan serves as a foundation for the rational allocation of resources, which is critically important for maintaining enterprise stability in conditions of uncertainty and crisis. This article examines the key aspects of business planning as a tool for effective cost management during periods of crisis, as well as strategic approaches to the adaptation of enterprises to crisis conditions. The purpose of the article is to investigate the relationship between business planning and cost management in times of crisis, with the aim of optimizing expenditures, ensuring financial stability, and enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises under conditions of economic instability. To achieve this objective, the article employs the following research methods: deduction –to identify the main advantages and disadvantages of using business planning as a tool for enterprise cost management; systems analysis – to explore the interconnection and interdependence between business planning and cost management processes; synthesis and a comprehensive approach – to take into account all factors that may influence cost management in crisis conditions and to develop solutions that are effective for both long-term planning and immediate response to changes; abstraction –to formulate generalized conclusions. The research presents the concept of the interrelationship between business planning and cost management in enterprises under conditions of economic instability and crisis. The authors emphasize the importance of a well-developed business plan as the foundation for effective cost management, which not only helps reduce financial risks but also preserves the competitiveness of the enterprise during periods of crisis. The results of the scientific study can be applied by enterprises in crisis conditions to manage costs starting from the business planning stage of their activities
CURRENT TRENDS IN DIGITALIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
. The article is devoted to the study of modern trends in the development of industrial enterprises in the conditions of digitalization. It is studied that the process of digitalization involves the transition of all existing processes (production, technical, operational, economic) of industrial enterprises to the digital environment. It is proved that the transition to the digital environment involves large-scale changes affecting all aspects of the activities of industrial enterprises with the need to use such tools as: digital information and communication technologies; technologies of electronic-digital exchange of production and technical data using the Electronic Data Interchange protocol; adaptation of methods and techniques of digital analysis and processing of large arrays of technical data using Big Data technology; use of cloud and foggy digital computing technology using the Cloud Computing electronic accounting protocol. A hierarchical business structure of an industrial enterprise is proposed, taking into account digitalization processes. The problems faced by industrial enterprises in the process of digital transformation are outlined. A scheme of digitalization of system and production elements at an industrial enterprise is presented. The prerequisites for ensuring the process of digitalization of industrial enterprises through the introduction of digital technologies are considered, including. The prerequisites for analytical and technological support of digitalization of industrial enterprises are analyzed. The impact of digitalization on the transformation of areas of activity of industrial enterprises is studied. The value of the process of digitalization of industrial enterprises is substantiated and the main aspects are highlighted. A list of priority measures to support the digitalization of industrial enterprises by the state is proposed. It has been proven that the combination of digital technological knowledge, the dominant high culture of production organization in the form of flexible forms of reducing the time for performing individual parts of system processes, and therefore reducing production costs and accelerating decision-making at all levels of management, contributes to increasing the quality of industrial products, which in turn makes it possible to increase competitiveness of the enterprise in the market
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF GROWING CORN FOR GRAIN AND ORGANISATION OF SUPPLYING LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS WITH CONCENTRATED FEED IN THE WESTERN REGION
The article is aimed at studying the productivity of corn grain and organizing the supply of concentrated feed to livestock producers in the western region of Ukraine. It is proved that the agricultural sector, in particular the agro-industrial complex, is a strategic link of the national economy, determining food security and export potential of the state. The economic efficiency of corn cultivation as an intensive agricultural crop that requires significant costs of material and technical resources is considered. In the structure of agricultural production, a special place is occupied by the cultivation of corn, which is not only a valuable grain crop, but also the basis for the formation of concentrated feed for livestock. The issue of efficient corn cultivation in the western region, taking into account its agro-climatic features, the level of infrastructure development and the needs of livestock farms, is of particular relevance. It is substantiated that the use of economically feasible agricultural technologies, in particular, fertilizer optimization, allows achieving high yields and profitability of production, ensuring maximum output per unit area with rational use of resources. The article analyses the agro-climatic conditions of the region, technological approaches to corn cultivation, yields, production costs, and market conditions. The impact of the cost of corn grain on the cost of the fodder base for livestock is estimated. The impact of agrotechnological measures on the productivity of corn grain in the Western region of Ukraine is analysed. The study identified ways to increase the efficiency of corn production as an important component of the sustainable development of the region's agro-industrial complex, in particular through improving the timing of sowing, introducing modern agricultural technologies and optimizing the system of feed supply to livestock enterprises. It has been established that the productivity and economic efficiency of growing corn for grain directly depended on the use of fertilizers and plant protection products, as well as on climatic conditions.
US EXPERIENCE IN APPLYING PRECISION FARMING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
The article explores the implementation of precision agriculture technologies as a key vector of digital transformation in the agricultural sector under the conditions of global challenges such as population growth, climate change, soil degradation, and limited natural resources. The focus of the study is on the United States—one of the global leaders in smart farming—highlighting its institutional mechanisms, technological infrastructure, and practical implementation of digital tools in agricultural production. The U.S. model is characterized by a systematic and multi-level policy approach, supported by federal initiatives such as the ReConnect program and the Precision Agriculture Loan Program, open access to agricultural data, and strong collaboration between government agencies, research institutions, and the private sector. The technological ecosystem encompasses GPS-based equipment, VRT systems, AI platforms (e.g., FarmBeats, Climate FieldView), and sensor networks, enabling data collection and real-time analysis across all production stages. The purpose of the research is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the institutional, technological, and infrastructural foundations of digital farming in the United States and to identify the potential for adapting selected elements of this model to the Ukrainian context. The methodology is based on systemic and comparative analysis, structural modeling, and review of USDA documents, academic literature, and sectoral reports. The findings show that the most effective solutions are those combining data collection, processing, and execution, particularly variable rate technologies, autonomous machinery, and AI-powered platforms. These technologies help reduce resource use, increase yields, and enhance environmental sustainability. The study also substantiates key priorities for Ukraine, including rural broadband development, financial incentives for farmers, open agricultural data platforms, and educational initiatives to promote digital literacy in the agri-food sector. The novelty of the study lies in its first comprehensive assessment of the U.S. as a national example of digital agriculture strategy. The practical significance is tied to the applicability of its results for shaping Ukraine’s agri-digital policy, innovation support frameworks, and international development programs.
INTEGRATION OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES INTO THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC SPACE UNDER CONDITIONS OF INSTITUTIONAL TURBULENCE DURING WARTIME: THEORETICAL ASPECT
The article aims to reveal the theoretical aspects of integration into the international economic space under conditions of institutional turbulence. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the functioning and development of agricultural enterprises under the influence of wartime are summarized and characterized. Organizational and economic features of integration in the agricultural sector are highlighted, with an assessment of the peculiarities of implementing the international vector of this process. The essence of the concept of 'integration into the international economic space' is qualified, and fluctuations in the agro-economic system are analyzed. The motivation factors for integrating agricultural enterprises into the European Union's market system are conceptualized. The national institutional specificity of the development of integration processes among agricultural business entities is substantiated. Institutional features of integration within the framework of the modern paradigm of entrepreneurship development in the agricultural sector are determined. The roles of organizational and legal forms of business in realizing the institutional capabilities of enterprises to achieve business sustainability in domestic and foreign markets are generalized. Institutional types of integrated structures, their role, and functionality in achieving a balance of benefits and costs are characterized. Organizational and institutional characteristics of integration in the formation of an entrepreneurial ecosystem under wartime turbulence are defined. The theoretical justification for the feasibility of integrating agricultural enterprises into the international economic space is provided, highlighting institutional types to achieve an effective balance of benefits and costs and minimize the impact of wartime risks. The institutional capabilities of agricultural structures to achieve competitiveness in domestic and foreign markets are proven. Conceptual priority opportunities for integration to ensure the institutional stability of enterprises in wartime conditions are outlined.
INVESTMENT POTENTIAL OF FEED PRODUCTION IN MODERN ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
The article examines feed production from the perspective of commodity production. The experience of developed countries of the world on the specified issues is analyzed with the aim of its further implementation in Ukrainian conditions. The current state of commodity feed production in Ukraine is characterized by an urgent need to attract investment resources and adapt world practices for the development of this industry. In developed economies, feed production functions as a separate industrial sector, based on the application of advanced technologies of production, procurement, storage and logistics. In view of this, modern commodity feed production in Ukraine requires the development of an investment strategy as a comprehensive system of long-term investment activity goals, determined by the general objectives of the industry development and the investment paradigm, as well as the definition of optimal ways to achieve them, taking into account the experience of highly developed countries. The significant role of the development of an investment strategy in ensuring the effective dynamics of feed production has been established, which allows solving the following tasks: ensuring a mechanism for implementing long-term strategic and investment goals for the future economic and social development of the industry; assessing investment opportunities and maximizing the use of investment potential; initiating new investment opportunities; minimizing the negative impact of unforeseen changes in the external investment environment; forming basic criteria for selecting relevant investment projects and financial investment instruments; creating prerequisites for the strategic transformation of the organizational structure of the functioning of the feed production industry. At the same time, feed production should be oriented towards modern global trends, taking into account environmental imperatives, in particular, preference should be given to organic feed production. Feed production covers the cycles of production, storage, packaging and transportation of feed, which determines the relevant areas of investment.
PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATING THE UKRAINIAN AGRICULTURAL MARKET INTO THE EUROPEAN UNION
The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the problems and challenges associated with the integration of the Ukrainian agricultural market into the European space, which is one of the key goals of Ukraine’s foreign economic strategy. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the agricultural sector constitutes a significant share of the national GDP, is one of the leading export areas, and ensures food security both for Ukraine and for a substantial number of its partner countries. The article examines systemic barriers that hinder effective integration, including: institutional and legal inconsistencies between national agricultural policy and European standards; fragmentation and contradictions within the regulatory and legal framework; technological backwardness of a significant portion of agricultural production; limited access to financing, especially for small and medium-sized agricultural producers; underdeveloped logistics infrastructure; lack of transparency in land relations; and limited innovation potential. The study also explores the positive aspects of integration, such as expanded access to markets, increased competitiveness, acceleration of technological modernization, and adaptation to international environmental and social standards. Particular attention is given to the role of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, which provides a legal basis for the gradual harmonization of the regulatory framework, the development of trade relations, and the strengthening of Ukraine’s position in the global agricultural market. The article presents a SWOT matrix of the Ukrainian agricultural sector — outlining its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the context of accession to the European space. A number of practical recommendations are proposed to improve policy: enhancing the system of public administration in the agricultural sector, supporting innovative agricultural production, encouraging cooperation, and developing public-private partnerships. The results of the study can serve as a foundation for developing a national strategy to overcome the barriers of European integration in the agricultural sector, taking into account current challenges and development prospects.
CURRENT STATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF BORDER REGIONS OF UKRAINE
The article studies current trends in the development of higher education institutions bordering Russia. The main aspects of the functioning of higher education institutions in the conditions of a difficult security situation and economic crisis are substantiated. Priority areas for the development of the system of higher education institutions are formed. Trends in the development of the higher education sector in Ukraine are analyzed. The state of functioning of higher education institutions in the regions bordering Russia is studied, which allowed us to identify the difficulties and prospects for the development of these institutions. It is determined that despite the difficult conditions for the functioning of higher education institutions, foreign students continue to study at Ukrainian universities. The directions of transformation of higher education institutions during the post-war restoration of the state are considered, namely: the development of digital infrastructure and distance learning, since the war and the COVID-19 pandemic have demonstrated a critical need for flexible forms of learning; integration with the European educational space by deepening cooperation with international universities and scientific institutions; support for scientific research and innovation in higher education institutions based on establishing cooperation with business and industry, which will allow commercializing scientific developments and introducing them into the real sector of the economy; social responsibility and inclusiveness of education; increasing the autonomy and responsibility of higher education institutions in matters of staffing and development of educational programs; development of entrepreneurial skills and practice-oriented learning; introduction of sustainable development principles into educational programs through research in the direction of greening, which includes the introduction of energy-efficient technologies and the promotion of an ecological culture among students; interdisciplinarity and flexibility of educational programs; development of civic education and patriotic upbringing to form an active civic position and patriotism among young people; ensuring the quality of education and accreditation of educational programs by raising the standards of quality of education, which is a key direction of development.
FORMATION OF FISCAL POLICY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE
This article aims to study the peculiarities of fiscal policy formation in Ukraine amid contemporary transformational shifts. In the context of slowing economic growth in Ukraine and escalating geopolitical challenges, the issue of identifying effective ways to stimulate the economy through fiscal policy instruments has become particularly important. The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the formation of fiscal policy for sustainable development in Ukraine, taking into account the economic, social and environmental conditions of the country's development. To achieve the research objective, dialectical and logical methods, observation, analysis, synthesis, and a systematic approach were used to classify the factors influencing the formation of fiscal policy for sustainable development, as well as the method of theoretical generalization. The main problems affecting the formation of fiscal policy for sustainable development have been identified, in particular: military action and political uncertainty, high levels of corruption, dependence on foreign aid and remittances, rapid industrialization and an inadequate regulatory framework, leading to significant environmental problems. Directions for integrating sustainable development into fiscal policy are proposed: introduction of green taxation, allocation of funds for sustainable infrastructure projects, ensuring adequate financing of social services, and encouraging public-private partnerships. The features of fiscal policy formation that will promote long-term growth while ensuring social justice and environmental integrity have been identified. The relationship between technological innovation as a manifestation of sustainable development and fiscal policy, which manifests itself in the use of digital platforms, e-commerce websites, social media, cloud services, the emergence of new business models through the creation of tax incentives for innovation, ensuring fair taxation of digital goods and services, the introduction of special tax rates for the digital sector, etc.
TAX CONTROL AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR PREVENTING TAX EVASION
Large-scale losses of the state budget due to the shadow economy, dishonesty of individual taxpayers and the complexity of control over new forms of economic activity determine the need to study tax control as a tool for combating tax evasion, which ensures tax fairness, transparency of the business environment and financial security of the state. The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of tax control as a key tool for ensuring tax discipline and preventing violations of tax legislation. The specificity of the scientific tasks that are the subject of the study required the use of a complex of special methods, in particular formal and legal, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction and graphical. In the process of the study, it was established that modern scientific thought offers a variety of approaches to determining the essence of tax control, but none of them fully covers its specifics as a tool for combating tax evasion. As a result, the definition of tax control itself was formulated, which emphasizes its complex and dynamic nature, the combination of preventive and reactive mechanisms, as well as the focus on detecting and preventing tax abuse in various forms. Additionally, the study identified and systematized the characteristic features of tax control in the context of combating tax abuse, which allows clarifying its content within the framework of the modern paradigm of tax administration. The practical significance of the study results lies in the fact that the proposed definition of tax control and the identification of its characteristic features can be used in updating state tax policy and in the process of reforming the tax administration system. Substantiation of the effectiveness of individual methods of tax control opens up opportunities for improving mechanisms for detecting and preventing tax offenses.
ANALYSIS OF THE NECESSITY OF CHANGING THE CONDITIONS OF DOMESTIC CUSTOMS REGULATION AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE
The article explores the current state of customs regulation in Ukraine, identifies the factors influencing its development, reveals the main problems of customs regulation and directions for its improvement, as well as characterizes the impact of customs regulation on Ukraine’s economy. The study of customs regulation made it possible to identify the problems of the Ukrainian customs system, thereby focusing on the adaptation of domestic customs regulation to European standards, which will be an important step toward Ukraine’s economic development and improving the performance of customs authorities through the adoption of international experience. In the context of customs regulation analysis, special attention was paid to the transparency of customs operations, bureaucratic procedures, the use of necessary tools in the fight against smuggling, the competence and professionalism of customs authorities, their interaction with business entities, and the quality of customs responses to business inquiries. The study showed that the main problems of customs regulation include corruption, complexity of customs procedures and the need for their simplification, excessive bureaucracy, inefficient automation of customs procedures, and poor-quality measures against smuggling. Excessive bureaucracy in customs control slows down the clearance process and creates additional obstacles for business, leading to reluctance to engage with customs regulation and a decrease in state budget revenues. Thus, the article proposes a model for improving customs regulation, which includes the digitalization of customs procedures, automation of processes, and the creation of a unified electronic registry of customs procedures to ensure transparency for business entities. The implementation of the recommended measures will contribute to increasing the efficiency of customs administration, growth of customs revenues and duties, building trust in customs authorities, and enhancing investment interest. The development of the customs system in line with European standards will promote Ukraine's economic growth and strengthen its competitiveness in the international market.
RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE FISCAL MECHANISM IN UKRAINE AND ITS ADAPTATION TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
The article provides a retrospective analysis of the formation and development of Ukraine's fiscal mechanism in the context of the transformational changes that took place during 1991–2025. The purpose of the article is to conduct a retrospective analysis of the development of the fiscal mechanism in Ukraine from 1991 to 2025 in order to identify the key stages of transformation, influencing factors and systemic problems, as well as to form methodological foundations for its further improvement in the context of sustainable development challenges. To achieve the research objective, the following methods were used: historical and logical method for a consistent analysis of the evolution of the fiscal mechanism in the context of economic and political changes; comparative analysis to compare the main characteristics of fiscal policy at different stages of development; a systematic approach to determine the structure of the fiscal mechanism as an integrated system, taking into account the interrelationships between its elements. Based on periodization, the key stages of the fiscal system's evolution have been identified, in particular: the formation of basic elements after independence; institutional consolidation of tax and budgetary principles; introduction of a codified regulatory model; decentralization of fiscal powers; digitalization of tax administration; adaptation to the conditions of war and sustainable development challenges. Particular attention is paid to analysing the impact of political and macroeconomic factors on the functioning of the fiscal mechanism, as well as its role in ensuring budget stability, economic recovery and the achievement of national sustainable development goals. The study identified the strengths and weaknesses of the fiscal mechanism's transformation, established its dynamic dependence on external shocks and domestic policy, and outlined prospects for reform, taking into account the European integration course and the needs of post-war recovery. The results can be used in the formulation of Ukraine's fiscal policy strategies aimed at sustainable growth, transparency, decentralization and effective public finance management.
GENDER EQUALITY POLICY IN PUBLIC SECTOR HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
The topic of the article is dedicated to studying the integration of gender equality into the field of human resource management in the public service in Ukraine and the European Union countries. The purpose of the research is to examine modern approaches to ensuring gender equality, as well as to formulate practical recommendations for improving the implementation of its principles in public administration. The main goal is to identify existing problems and barriers that hinder the realization of gender equality in the public sector and to determine ways to overcome them. Research methods include comparative analysis of legislative initiatives and practices for implementing gender equality in the public sector in Ukraine and EU countries, as well as the use of statistical data and international indices to assess the level of gender equality. The results of the study show that gender inequality continues to be a significant problem in public administration, particularly in leadership positions. It was found that at the local level in Ukraine, there is a positive trend in the representation of women, but the problem remains relevant at higher levels of administrative structures. The comparative analysis with EU countries reveals that, although Ukraine has made significant progress in gender equality, the European experience demonstrates greater effectiveness in implementing gender policies due to clear legislative initiatives and sociocultural changes. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the development of a systematic approach to integrating gender equality into public service human resource management in Ukraine. For the first time, a comparison of gender aspects at the local and state levels in Ukraine has been made with similar processes in EU countries. The practical significance of the research is that the results can be used to improve national policies on gender equality, enhance the effectiveness of legislative initiatives, and develop recommendations for integrating gender principles into public service management processes. Therefore, to ensure real gender equality in the public sector, a comprehensive approach must be implemented, including changes at the legislative, financial, and cultural transformation levels, which will create favorable conditions for gender equality in public resource management.
INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC LIFE OF SOCIETY ON THE BASIS OF DIGITAL INCLUSION AND SECURITY
The article is devoted to the issue of digital transformation of the economy, which affects the digital quality of life of the countryʼs citizens and their well-being. The purpose of the study is to review the dynamics, causes and consequences of changes in the rating of Ukraine according to the Digital Quality of Life index in 2021–2023, as well as the development of proposals to increase the return and socio-economic effects of the implementation of digital technologies and solutions to ensure the growth of the digital quality of life in the countryʼs society. In order to achieve the goal, analysis and synthesis, generalization and comparison, graphic and statistical methods were used, which in the complex made it possible to present scientific developments in an argumentative manner, which will be useful for both theoreticians and practitioners. The article carried out a deep and comprehensive analysis of the rating of Ukraine according to the Digital Quality of Life index in general and by categories (Internet availability, Internet quality, electronic infrastructure, electronic security and electronic government) in 2021–2023, and made it possible to identify the current state of affairs with processes digitization of the economic and social life of society, as well as outline potential opportunities for economic growth. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the presented heat map of the rating of Ukraine according to the Digital Quality of Life index in 2021–2023, which not only visualizes the country’s position according to this index and in the cross-section of its elements on the world map, but also instantly demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of digital transformations in the country. The practical significance of the article is outlined by the provided practical recommendations on strengthening the security, accessibility and inclusiveness of digital solutions and transformations in the country in order to increase the level of the digital quality of life of Ukrainian society, as well as creating a reliable basis for the future economic recovery of Ukraine and its prosperity.
ECONOMIC CLUSTERING AS A TOOL FOR INNOVATION-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS AND UKRAINIAN REALITIES
This article explores the contemporary theoretical and methodological foundations of economic clustering as an effective mechanism for innovation-driven development, taking into account Ukrainian realities. The research aims to substantiate conceptual approaches to clustering in the domestic economy, identify key factors in the formation of cluster systems, and develop recommendations for their practical implementation. To achieve these objectives, a suite of methods was employed: a historical–logical analysis of the evolution of cluster theory (from Marshall to Porter), a systems analysis of cluster-structure models, content analysis of domestic and international publications, comparative analysis of network and cluster formations, and expert assessments to adapt these concepts to the Ukrainian context. The findings demonstrate that clustering unites manufacturing, scientific, educational, and governmental institutions into cohesive innovation ecosystems capable of enhancing labor productivity and investment appeal at the regional level. Based on a comparative analysis of experiences in the EU, North America, and Asia, methodological recommendations are proposed for harmonizing standards, stimulating human capital, implementing “smart integration,” and digitizing cluster platforms. The article’s scientific novelty lies in integrating classical theoretical approaches with contemporary practical case studies to develop a classification of clusters adapted to Ukrainian conditions, refining the definition of “cluster” in the context of multi-level interaction among business, science, and government, and creating a comprehensive methodological toolkit for evaluating cluster effectiveness. The use of a polythetic approach and a criterion-based framework has enabled the design of an algorithm for identifying the “critical mass” necessary to launch cluster initiatives. The practical significance of this work is that the proposed recommendations can be utilized by government bodies, regional administrations, and business associations to design targeted cluster-support programs, draft legal frameworks, and develop training and advisory modules for cluster management.
DYNAMICS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN UKRAINE: MAIN TRENDS AND IMPACT ON THE NATIONAL ECONOMYDYNAMICS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN UKRAINE: MAIN TRENDS AND IMPACT ON THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the digital transformation of Ukraine's economy, taking into account global technological trends, wartime challenges and strategic directions of post-war recovery. It is important to note that digitalisation is not merely a tool for modernisation; it is also a significant factor in increasing the sustainability of state institutions, business efficiency and citizen engagement in management processes. This study focuses on the analysis of the digital structure of the national economy, encompassing the state of digital infrastructure, the development of e-government (with particular reference to the platform “DIYA”), the introduction of financial technologies, e-commerce, artificial intelligence and cybersecurity. The present study employs data from international rankings (EGDI, EPI, GII, NCSI) to assess Ukraine's position in the digital space. The impact of digital transformation on GDP, IT employment, and Internet penetration is highlighted. The findings of the regression analysis indicate that the export of IT services and the number of Internet users exert the most significant positive influence on GDP dynamics during the period 2019-2024. It has been demonstrated that Ukraine, in its adaptation of the EU's digital development strategies, is progressively attaining a level of digital maturity that is comparable to that of European countries. The successful achievement of digital goals is not merely a technical task; it is also a social transformation that involves education, employment, business and the state. It is imperative that further efforts are made to expand digital infrastructure, improve digital literacy, strengthen cybersecurity, and improve digital legislation. This will be pivotal to the successful implementation of Ukraine's digital strategy, both in the context of post-war recovery and in the long-term perspective of European integration. The article sets out a series of strategic approaches to accelerating digital change in the context of European integration. These approaches include the development of 5G, investment in human capital, improvement of the regulatory framework and attraction of international experience.
CONDITIONS FOR FORMING QUALITATIVE FEATURES OF AN INTEGRATED INVESTMENT CLIMATE IN UKRAINE
The article examines the formation of a high-quality integrated investment climate in Ukraine, which is accompanied by the creation and implementation of a set of favorable conditions, norms, institutions and practices that provide a stable, predictable and competitive environment for attracting both domestic and foreign investments. It is emphasized that the formation of a high-quality integrated investment climate should take into account factors of both objective and subjective nature, since in the process of analyzing the investment climate, key attention is paid to subjective conditions, which include: first, financial stability, which provides predictability for investors and reduces the risks of financial losses; second, the degree of compliance with the rule of law and order, including guarantees of property rights protection and the fairness of the judicial system; third, the level of development and accessibility of infrastructure facilities, both production (transport, energy, logistics) and social (housing, medical, educational); fourthly, the quality of the tax system and the level of tax burden, which determine the economic feasibility of investment activities; fifthly, the efficiency of the banking system and other economic institutions, which should ensure the stable functioning of the financial market, the availability of credit resources and the convenience of making payments. The presence of a number of interrelated economic, political and social factors has been proven, which hinder the formation of high-quality and full-fledged investment processes and worsen the general investment climate in the state. Together, these factors create an unfavorable, unstable, high-risk and difficult-to-predict environment for attracting and effectively using capital. The real possibility of forming a high-quality integrated investment climate by consistently overcoming systemic obstacles and barriers that arise at the intersection of the political-institutional, financial-economic, production-resource, innovation-technological, transport-logistics and socio-cultural environments has been confirmed.
INFLUENCE OF MACROECONOMIC FACTORS ON MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING OF COMPANIES IN THE CONTEXT OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES
The article analyzes the impact of macroeconomic factors such as GDP, inflation, exchange rate, unemployment on the management system and marketing practices of companies in the context of forming effective business communication strategies. The relevance of the topic is due to the dynamism of the global economic environment, which is accompanied by inflationary fluctuations, exchange rate instability, changes in consumer demand, unemployment and other macroeconomic risks. The purpose of the study is to establish links between key macroeconomic indicators and strategic management decisions of companies, in particular in terms of governance and external communications. The research methodology is based on systematic and interdisciplinary approaches using comparative and content analysis methods, as well as a review of scientific literature. The study takes into account the provisions of classical (Keynes, Samuelson) and modern theories of strategic management and marketing (Porter, Kotler, Johnson, Mintzberg). The main results of the study demonstrate that companies that integrate the analysis of the macroeconomic environment into their management cycles show higher strategic flexibility, adaptability and competitiveness. It is proved that business communications under conditions of economic uncertainty should be based on the principles of transparency, openness, responsiveness and trust building. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of an integrated analytical model that combines macroeconomic indicators with management and marketing strategic functions. The practical significance of the results lies in the provision of applied tools for improving strategic planning, forming an effective communication policy and reducing business risks in the context of economic challenges. The approaches proposed in the article can be applied by both large corporations and small and medium-sized enterprises to develop adaptive strategies focused on sustainable development and the preservation of reputational capital. The research findings can serve as a theoretical and practical foundation for professionals in marketing, strategic management, as well as for policymakers involved in macroeconomic planning
M. TUGAN-BARANOVSKY'S THEORY OF ECONOMIC CYCLES AND THE PRESENT
The article on the topic “Theory of economic cycles of M.I. Tugan-Baranovsky and modernity” aims to explain the nature of modern economic cycles, based on the economic heritage of M. Tugan-Baranovsky.During the study, the authors used empirical-theoretical (complex), as well as scientific-psychological research methods, which are important tools for studying mental processes, emotions and human behavior in the field of behavioral economics.The results of the study indicate that M. Tugan-Baranovsky managed to predict the impact that the development of the financial market will have on the cyclicality of the economy in the future. Long before the “great depression”, M. Tugan-Baranovsky expressed the hypothesis that in the future the causes of economic cycles should be sought in the nature and features of the functioning of financial markets, associated with the features of decision-making by market players. In modern economic theory, it is generally accepted that the main subject of the economy is an economic person (Homo Economicus), who makes rational economic decisions. But with the development of the money and stock markets, as well as with the increase in the number of individual investors, the adoption of rational decisions by the majority of participants becomes, in the opinion of the authors of the article, increasingly unlikely. Since the financial market is a very dynamic system with high uncertainty, players, when making decisions, usually rely on intuition, which can work effectively only under constant conditions. As a result, the authors of the article conclude that the financialization of the modern economy, the peculiarities of decision-making, together with a change in the structure of financial market participants, have created new conditions for the instability of modern financial markets. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the creation of an integrated concept of the cyclicality of the modern economy, which is based on the theory of cycles by M. Tugan-Baranovsky, the postulates of behavioral economics and the trends in the development of the modern financial market. The practical significance of the study is that the conclusions drawn by the authors can be useful for choosing countercyclical regulation tools in the modern economy.
FINANCIAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE CHARITY SECTOR IN WARTIME CONDITIONS
The article explores the transformational processes in the financial support of charitable organizations in Ukraine under the conditions of full-scale war. The research focuses on the challenges faced by the nonprofit sector and the innovative approaches to mobilizing financial resources in times of crisis. Particular attention is given to the changes in the structure of income sources, the transparency of fund usage, and the increasing importance of partnerships. The study also identifies new risks arising from martial law and the resulting economic instability. The aim of the study is to identify key trends and mechanisms of financing charitable organizations that ensure their resilience, efficiency, and adaptability in the new socio-economic reality. The research methodology combines general scientific and specific methods, including: analysis and synthesis for systematizing sources of funding for charitable organizations; a structural-functional approach to assessing the role of individual fundraising tools; comparative legal analysis to contrast national and foreign models of financing philanthropic activity; and content analysis to evaluate regulatory changes and donor policy priorities. The results demonstrate that the war has become a powerful catalyst for change in the charity sector, encouraging digitalization, the growth of crowdfunding, the spread of matched funding instruments, and the development of social investment strategies. The study reveals that charitable organizations in Ukraine display a high level of adaptability, activating partnerships, improving financial reporting, and introducing new technologies for resource mobilization. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the comprehensive understanding of financial innovations in the nonprofit sector as a prerequisite for strengthening the institutional capacity and sustainability of charitable organizations in wartime conditions. The practical significance of the findings consists in summarizing up-to-date financing approaches that can be applied to increase the effectiveness of charitable activities, improve grant strategies, and inform regulatory changes in the field of public-private partnerships in social policy.
FEATURES OF THE IMPACT OF THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY AND DIGITALIZATION ON COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT
The article analyzes the knowledge economy as a strategic factor in the development of the national economy under the conditions of digitalization and globalization. Knowledge is an important resource that reflects a country's level of competitiveness, promotes the development of innovative processes, and facilitates integration into the global economic space. A comparative analysis of countries' development levels according to the Global Knowledge Economy Index in 2024 has been conducted. The main criteria for the analysis were the division of countries by geographical region: Europe, Asia, South and North America, Oceania, and Africa, as well as by knowledge economy levels: high, above average, average, below average, and low. The research sample included 141 countries, which demonstrates the reliability of the obtained results. The calculation of the Global Knowledge Economy Index was based on seven sectoral indices, namely: primary education; technical and vocational education and training; higher education; research, development, and innovation; information and communication technologies; economy; and enabling environment. It was found that European and North American countries show the best knowledge economy index results. Ukraine ranks at an average level in this rating, on par with neighboring countries such as Poland, Hungary, Lithuania, as well as other European countries like Spain, Italy, Lithuania, and Greece. The analysis revealed that several countries show an uneven development of knowledge economy indicators, highlighting the need for targeted support of knowledge-oriented and research sectors. To visually present the elements of Ukraine's Global Knowledge Economy Index (GKI), a radar chart was built, as it effectively illustrates the balance of all elements and identifies areas of lag. Based on the analysis of Ukraine's knowledge economy indicators, the country's strong positions were identified: a high level of primary education and the development of information and communication technologies. At the same time, weak areas include the low level of research, development, and innovation, which require proper state support and reforms. The formation of an effective knowledge economy development strategy is considered one of the key ways to enhance Ukraine’s competitiveness and ensure sustainable economic growth amid global transformations.
RISKS OF IMPLEMENTING AND USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BY OIL AND GAS SECTOR ENTERPRISES
The article is devoted to the study of risks associated with the implementation and use of artificial intelligence (AI) by enterprises in Ukraine’s oil and gas sector. The purpose of the article is to identify the key threats arising in the process of digital transformation of the industry, classify and assess these threats, and develop strategies for managing such risks to ensure the safe, effective, and ethical application of AI technologies. The research methodology is based on risk analysis methods in accordance with the international ISO 31000 standard, including both qualitative and quantitative risk assessment, the construction of a risk matrix, as well as methods of theoretical generalization, comparative analysis, systematization, and expert evaluation. Scenario modeling tools were applied to predict the potential consequences of risk realization.A systematic approach was applied to assess the risk levels of using AI technologies in oil and gas enterprises. The study revealed that most risks fall within a high threat level (6–9 points), requiring immediate response. The most critical risks were identified as increased vulnerability to cyberattacks, unreliability of algorithms, data breaches, and social risks related to job reductions and the need for personnel retraining. A set of strategic recommendations was formulated, covering technical, organizational, legal, economic, and social aspects of risk management. To manage the risks associated with the adoption and use of AI in the oil and gas sector effectively, a comprehensive approach is proposed. This includes phased algorithm testing, ensuring transparency of AI decision-making (Explainable AI), data and access audits, strengthening cybersecurity measures, developing ethical AI codes, implementing retraining programs, and updating the regulatory framework. The scientific novelty of the research lies in adapting risk management principles to the specifics of a high-risk industry under conditions of digital transformation and in developing a detailed risk matrix that considers technical, informational, economic, social, environmental, legal, and ethical aspects of AI implementation. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of specific recommendations for industry enterprises aimed at minimizing risks and ensuring the safe and effective use of AI—an especially relevant issue in the context of global competition, cyber threats, and sustainable development requirements.
THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MODERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ON THE CAPITALISATION OF ENTERPRISES: A REGRESSION ANALYSIS
The article quantifies the impact of investments in artificial intelligence, digital maturity, level of automation, profitability and revenues on the market capitalisation of enterprises using the tools of regression analysis. On the basis of a sample of 44 innovatively active companies, an econometric model is built to identify the degree of determination of capitalisation by key technological and financial parameters. The modeling results show a high explanatory power of the model, which indicates a significant impact of the selected factors on the value of enterprises. Profit, AI investments, automation level, and revenue were identified as statistically significant predictors of capitalisation, while digital maturity (DIGMAT) did not show a significant effect. To achieve this goal, the authors used the regression analysis method, in particular, they built a model that assesses the relationship between company capitalisation and digital indicators. The study used data from open sources, including financial statements of companies included in the S&P 500 index. The main findings of the analysis indicate that digitalisation and, in particular, investments in AI have a statistically significant positive impact on the capitalisation of enterprises. It was found that each additional billion dollars of investment in AI can increase the market value of a company by an average of $1-1.4 billion. The study develops and tests an econometric model that quantifies the impact of certain technological factors on the market capitalisation of enterprises. In contrast to traditional approaches, where digital transformation is analysed mainly in the context of increasing labour productivity or operational efficiency, this paper focuses on the strategic aspect - the formation of the market value of a business. The findings allow us to expand the scientific and practical understanding of the mechanisms of capitalisation of enterprises in the digital era and identify critical points of influence of digital technologies on economic performance. The obtained results are of practical value for the strategic planning of innovative activities of enterprises in the context of digital transformation of the economy.
USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN CONTENT MARKETING AS A TOOL FOR INNOVATIVE BUSINESS MARKETING
In today's rapidly developing digital economy, digital technologies are playing a key role in transforming marketing processes. The introduction of innovative solutions allows businesses not only to optimize internal operations, but also to create new forms of interaction with customers, increasing the level of personalization, speed of communication and the effectiveness of decisions made. The growth of data volumes and the development of analytical tools have opened up new opportunities for understanding consumer behavior. Thanks to the development of Big Data and artificial intelligence, companies can more deeply analyze customer preferences, predict their needs and offer individual solutions in real time. The purpose of the article is to explore the possibilities of using digital technologies in content marketing as a tool for the formation and development of innovative marketing in an enterprise. In order to achieve the goal, the article identifies the main tools and approaches that contribute to increasing the effectiveness of marketing strategies, and also analyzes their impact on interaction with customers and the competitiveness of enterprises in modern conditions of the digital economy, such as personalization of marketing communications, content marketing, interactive approaches, social networks, the use of artificial intelligence, mobile technologies, big data analysis, multi-channel strategies, sustainable marketing and gamification. Particular attention is paid to the integration of these tools into comprehensive marketing strategies to create an individualized customer experience, increase loyalty and form long-term relationships with the target audience. The study found that implementing content marketing in combination with digital tools contributes to increased conversions, building a strong brand, more effective data-driven decision-making, and strengthening the competitive position of enterprises in today's digital space. The article examines the role of digital technologies in the development of innovative marketing and identifies the main tools that contribute to the transformation of marketing strategies of modern enterprises. The impact of digital solutions, such as big data, artificial intelligence, social media and consumer behavior analytics, on increasing the efficiency of communication with customers and creating competitive advantages is considered. The feasibility of using big data and artificial intelligence to improve customer interaction is substantiated. Special attention is paid to adapting business to the conditions of the digital economy and applying innovative approaches to form sustainable relationships with the target audience. The results obtained can serve as the basis for developing effective marketing strategies aimed at adapting business to modern market conditions and consumer needs.
USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF AN ENTERPRISE IN THE CONDITIONS OF ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY
The article focuses on the study of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in enterprise financial management under the conditions of ensuring their economic security. In the context of the digitalization of the economy, the integration of innovative technologies into enterprises' financial processes has become not only a trend but also a necessity for enhancing competitiveness and protection against external and internal threats. The purpose of the article is to identify the opportunities, limitations, and risks of applying AI technologies in financial management while considering the aspects of economic security. The research methodology is based on general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, a systematic approach, empirical research methods, including the analysis of contemporary case studies. The research results show that the use of AI significantly improves the efficiency of financial planning, optimizes budgeting processes, enhances decision-making quality, and reduces the level of financial risks. At the same time, the implementation of AI is accompanied by threats such as financial data leakage, increased vulnerability of information systems, and the risk of algorithm malfunction under insufficient control. The scientific novelty of the study lies in identifying and systematizing the risks arising from the integration of artificial intelligence technologies into enterprises' financial activities, as well as in proposing approaches to managing these risks from the standpoint of economic security. The practical significance of the work is the development of recommendations for enterprises on the effective and safe implementation of AI technologies in financial management, taking into account the characteristics of the economic environment and the internal structure of the organization. The article uses open data obtained using the analytical tool YouControl. For a practical experiment, ChatGPT from OpenAI and Bard from Google were selected as the most popular generative models. The proposed approaches can be used by heads of financial departments, digital transformation consultants, and risk management specialists in developing strategies for adaptation to the new conditions of the digital economy.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ACADEMIA: OPPORTUNITY OR CHALLENGE?
In recent years, the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has had a profound and transformative impact across a wide range of sectors, including education and scientific research. As the primary environment for the generation, exchange, and preservation of knowledge, academia finds itself at the forefront of this technological shift. AI presents a dual reality for academic institutions: it brings forward unprecedented opportunities for innovation and efficiency, while simultaneously introducing complex ethical, pedagogical, and operational challenges. This article aims to examine the multifaceted influence of AI on higher education, particularly focusing on the evolving role of educators. While numerous studies have explored AI's applications in learning management systems, automated grading, and research data analysis, this paper places a particular emphasis on the human dimension namely, how academic staff are responding to the integration of AI tools into their teaching and research practices. Through an analytical overview, the paper identifies both the benefits and risks associated with AI implementation in academia. On the one hand, AI offers the potential to enhance personalized learning, automate repetitive administrative tasks, and improve access to educational resources. These advancements could significantly increase productivity and support more inclusive educational practices. On the other hand, the growing reliance on AI raises serious concerns related to academic integrity, data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the potential deskilling of educators. The article highlights the urgent need for clear institutional strategies that include professional development for educators, ethical guidelines for AI use, and investment in digital infrastructure. Without these measures, the integration of AI could lead to fragmentation and inequality within the academic system. Educators must not only adapt to technological innovations but also actively shape the discourse around the responsible and meaningful use of AI in education. In conclusion, while AI undoubtedly holds transformative potential for academia, its successful and ethical implementation depends on a balanced approach one that values both innovation and the enduring principles of academic freedom, critical thinking, and human-centered learning.
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ON THE TRANSPARENCY AND EFFICIENCY OF INVESTMENT PROCESSES
The article presents an in-depth study of the transformational impact of digital technologies on the transparency and efficiency of investment activity under modern economic conditions. The authors examine key digital tools – blockchain, big data, artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT) – as crucial drivers in shaping a new architecture of the investment ecosystem. It is substantiated that digitalization helps overcome information asymmetry, reduce transaction costs, enhance analytical accuracy, and improve access to information for all market participants, thereby strengthening trust in investment processes. The study highlights fundamental contradictions between transparency and efficiency that arise from the implementation of digital technologies, particularly due to the limited interpretability of machine learning algorithms (the "black box" effect). The article proposes strategies to balance these two dimensions as a prerequisite for building a resilient financial model. The step-by-step integration of digital solutions into the full investment process cycle—from strategic planning to performance evaluation—is explored. Special attention is paid to the challenges of digital transformation in Ukraine, including technical and human resource limitations, the absence of a comprehensive digital strategy, regulatory uncertainty, and the fragmented implementation of digital innovations. The authors outline strategic directions for improving public investment policy, such as establishing a unified digital infrastructure for investment, introducing smart contracts and AI-driven analytics, enhancing digital literacy among key stakeholders, and developing a robust legal framework in the field of digital finance. It is emphasized that only a systemic, coordinated approach to digitalization can ensure openness, trust, and sustainable economic growth in the investment sector
MODERN CONCEPT OF DIGITALIZED STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF THE TRANSPORT COMPLEX
The purpose of the study is to analyze the trends in the digital transformation of Ukraine's transport sector with an emphasis on forming conceptual foundations for strategic management based on digital technologies. The paper analyzes key digital indicators such as e-commerce, automation levels, the use of cloud technologies, and artificial intelligence. The study establishes the dynamics and unevenness of digital development in the sector and highlights its strategic potential. It is substantiated that digitalization is gradually changing the management logic of transport enterprises, forming new models of adaptation to the challenges of war and global competition. The practical value of the results lies in their applicability for developing digital strategies both at the enterprise and industry levels. The study analyzes the key trends in the digital transformation of the transport sector of Ukraine in the context of the formation of a modern concept of digitalized strategic management. Based on the statistical data for 2018-2024, the changes in e-commerce, the volume of services sold, the level of automation, the use of cloud technologies and artificial intelligence technologies are characterized. It is established that the digitalization of transport enterprises is becoming gradual but sustainable, while remaining uneven in terms of implementation. The results of the analysis show that digitalization is gradually penetrating all key aspects of transport companies' operations, from sales organization to internal process management and the introduction of smart technologies. In particular, a significant increase in the number of e-commerce companies and the share of services sold in digital format confirms the intensification of the industry's interaction with the market in the digital economy. At the same time, there is a transformation of sales channels with an emphasis on own digital platforms, which indicates a desire for autonomy and control over supply chains. The scientific novelty of this study is to identify and analytically summarize the key vectors of digitalization of the transport sector of Ukraine with a focus on their strategic management potential. The theoretical significance lies in the formation of the foundations of a systemic vision of the digital environment as a space for managerial change that requires new approaches to managing resources, information and innovation. The practical significance of the study is manifested in the possibility of using its results to develop digital strategies at the level of both individual enterprises and the entire industry, which is especially important in the context of post-crisis recovery and integration into global logistics systems.
LOCAL TAXATION AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR ENSURING FINANCIAL SELF-SUFFICIENCY OF COMMUNITIES
The article is focused on studying the functioning of the local taxation system as one of the key institutions in the structure of local finance, which ensures not only the stability of financial revenues to local budgets, but also plays a crucial role in the formation of financial self-sufficiency of territorial communities. A meaningful comparison of the concepts of ‘financial autonomy’, ‘financial viability’ and ‘financial self-sufficiency’ is carried out. It is substantiated that financial self-sufficiency of a community is not limited to the amount of funds raised, but involves a systemic balance of resources, effective financial management, community resilience to external challenges and the ability to ensure long-term development based on the principles of decentralisation. Monitoring of the fiscal efficiency of local taxes and fees in the period before the full-scale invasion of russia and during the war is carried out. The specificity of the scientific tasks, which are the subject of the research, required the use of a set of special methods, the application of which helped to identify the main trends in the dynamics of mobilisation of tax revenues from local taxation, in particular, property tax and single tax; their share in the structure of revenues of local budgets of Ukraine and GDP, as well as to draw conclusions about the meagre fiscal potential of local fees, which has a marginal impact on the accumulation of budgetary resources of territorial communities and limits their functional capacity. Regional peculiarities of local tax revenues in the context of intensive migration processes, business relocation and changes in the employment structure due to the full-scale invasion of russia are determined. The expediency of further adaptation of local taxation to the principles of the European Charter of Local Self-Government and improvement of tax administration in order to increase the efficiency of fiscal control and reduce administrative costs is argued. It is substantiated that further development of the domestic system of local taxation should be carried out taking into account the principles of fiscal justice, economic efficiency and social expediency, which will help to strengthen the financial foundations of self-government while ensuring financial self-sufficiency of communities.
VARIABLE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT AS A FACTOR OF INFLUENCING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES
The article explores the impact of a volatile security environment on the processes of sustainable development within territorial communities. The study aims to provide a theoretical justification and practical analysis of how a volatile security environment affects the sustainable development of territorial communities. This includes identifying key threats, assessing their influence on socio-economic processes, and developing approaches to enhance community resilience in conditions of instability. A range of general scientific and specialized methods were employed in the research, including the methods of analysis and synthesis to generalize theoretical approaches to the concepts of the security environment and sustainable development; a systems approach to comprehensively examine the impact of security factors on socio-economic processes within communities; and comparative analysis to contrast the functioning of territorial communities under varying levels of security. The key characteristics of the security environment under conditions of socio-economic and geopolitical instability have been analyzed. The main threats and risks affecting the stability of community functioning have been identified, particularly in the context of decentralization, internal population displacement, and military actions. An assessment of community performance was conducted through a comprehensive analysis of all relevant indicators, which made it possible to distinguish between lower-performing and higher-performing communities. The analysis of the indicator set highlights the importance of planning and effective emergency response to strengthen community resilience and improve overall performance. Communities that were not adequately prepared for war have proven to be more vulnerable to unforeseen challenges and less capable of rapid response. Notably, communities with lower overall performance demonstrated only half the level of war preparedness compared to more effective ones. The study substantiates the need for the implementation of adaptive sustainable development management strategies that incorporate security factors. Approaches are proposed to enhance community resilience through effective risk management and the strengthening of institutional capacity.
FINANCIAL PROVISION OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN VOLYN REGION
The study investigates the financial provision of territorial communities in Volyn region. The purpose of the research is to analyze the financial condition of the territorial communities of Volyn region under martial law and to identify mechanisms for improving their financial stability in order to effectively overcome socio-economic challenges. The research is based on the analysis of the financial performance of enterprises in 2023, particularly their profitability/losses, as well as a comparative analysis of indicators across districts of the region. The study employs statistical analysis, comparative methods, expert evaluations, abstract-logical methods. Most enterprises in the Volyn region are profitable (76.2%), with the highest rate in Volodymyr-Volynskyi district (79.4%). The largest share of unprofitable enterprises was found in Kovel (24.3%) and Lutsk (24.2%) districts, due to high competition and infrastructural problems. A set of measures is proposed to enhance the financial sustainability of communities: support for entrepreneurship, optimization of budget expenditures, attraction of additional sources of funding (grants, investments, public-private partnerships), transparency in financial management, and innovative approaches. The study emphasizes the necessity of a differentiated approach to supporting the financial condition of territorial communities depending on the specific characteristics of each district. The proposed mechanisms aim to strengthen the financial base of communities, which is critical for their sustainable development amid crisis and post-war recovery. To improve the financial condition of territorial communities, budget planning, detailed expenditure structure analysis, and optimization in line with priority areas are recommended. At the same time, it is advisable to actively seek additional funding sources, including grants, investments, public-private partnerships, participation in international programs, ensuring transparency in budget planning and utilization, and involving residents in discussions on priority projects. Regular financial monitoring using potential indicators and action plan development aimed at strengthening the financial base and supporting initiatives in innovative industries — potential new sources of income for communities — is also advisable.
EVOLUTIONARY MODEL OF STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF A REGIONAL INVESTMENT PROJECT
This article analyzes the strategic decisions regarding a regional investment project in conditions of stakeholder interaction. A three-way evolutionary game model between central and local authorities and the investor is constructed. Strategies for evolutionary stability are analyzed, the influence of various factors on the choice of a three-side strategy is also determined, and the stability of equilibrium in the evolutionary game system is determined. It is assumed that in the process of an evolutionary game, all stakeholders adhere to a familiar strategy of behavior, do not predict future behavioral choices, but only analyze existing strategies of other stakeholders, and at the same time, the choice of strategies is carried out under the influence of the external environment and other factors, and the information of the parties is incomplete. Central authorities (administrative and managerial side) have strategies that consist in intervention or non-intervention at the stage of making an investment decision on the implementation of a regional project. Local authorities (local self-government) have strategies that consist in conducting or not conducting negotiations by representatives of local authorities regarding the investment project. The investor has strategies based on self-interest and public interest needs. The first strategy is to support the sustainable development of the region with public interest in mind, which is called support, and the second strategy is to take self-interest more into account. The results show that the lower the cost of intervention and the reward for both parties, and the high opportunity cost of non-intervention, the more likely the central government will choose the intervention strategy. Increasing the negotiation gains, non-negotiation costs, and non-negotiation losses, as well as decreasing the negotiation costs and negotiation gains, contribute to the convergence time of the local government's choice of negotiation strategy. Increasing rewards and penalties, increasing the support gains, losses and decreasing the non-support gains, additional support costs will contribute to the convergence of the investor's choice of support strategy.
DEVELOPMENT OF “SMART COMMUNITIES”: IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART CITY SOLUTIONS AT THE LOCAL LEVEL
Today, ministries, representatives of municipal authorities, non-governmental organizations and independent experts are working on the implementation of the concept of smart cities. However, there is currently no single agreed system that would determine clear directions, pace and tools for development. The article examines the development of the concept of "smart communities" through the implementation of Smart City solutions at the local level. The main directions of digital transformation of territorial community management are analyzed, including the implementation of electronic services, automated monitoring systems, smart transport and environmental initiatives. The key challenges and prospects for the application of smart technologies in the administrative territorial communities of Ukraine are identified, as well as the role of local authorities, business and the public in this process. Special attention is paid to the need to create a comprehensive strategy for the development of smart communities, which will contribute to the efficient use of resources, improving the quality of life of residents and attracting investment. It is substantiated that digital platforms have become the basis for effective interaction between local governments, citizens and business. The experience and prospects of using digital platforms, sensor systems and automated management in communities are studied. Attention is focused on the fact that automation of community management allows to significantly increase the efficiency of administrative processes, reduce the influence of the human factor and minimize bureaucracy. Successful examples of using sensor systems are given. It is proved that in modern conditions the implementation of the Smart concept is a strategically necessary step. Despite all the challenges, the war can become a post for the development of smart cities in Ukraine. This makes it possible not only to restore destroyed settlements, but also to rethink their development, using advanced technologies and best world practices. In the future, the implementation of this concept will contribute to increasing the country's innovativeness and competitiveness, making it more attractive both for citizens and for the international community. In addition, the active implementation of Smart solutions stimulates investment attraction, which will cause economic growth and modernization of Ukraine.
PUBLIC AWARENESS AND ATTITUDES TOWARD CRYPTOCURRENCY USE IN TOURISM: INSIGHTS FROM A SURVEY OF UKRAINIAN CONSUMERS
Cryptocurrencies have become increasingly popular over the past decade. The use of blockchain technology has a significant potential to transform many areas of life and economic sectors, including tourism. Studying the perceptions and feedback of cryptocurrency users, as well as analysing the impressions and attitudes of tourists towards using cryptocurrencies in the travel industry, is undoubtedly a relevant research topic, as it gives grounds for assessing their readiness and interest in using this payment method. The purpose of the study is to assess the level of public awareness and its attitude towards the use of cryptocurrencies in the tourism industry. The theoretical basis of the study is the works of foreign and domestic scholars. The study was conducted by using scientific methods, such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, surveys, and statistical analysis methods. The article analyses the results of a survey conducted among different groups of the population of Ukraine, aimed at studying the level of awareness and interest in cryptocurrencies. The survey results show that most respondents have a general idea of cryptocurrencies, but their knowledge level varies. Attitudes toward cryptocurrencies are mostly neutral or positive, but significant concerns about market volatility and lack of regulation exist. Respondents see the potential of cryptocurrencies in tourism to reduce transaction costs and increase security but note the need to improve awareness and address regulatory issues. The authors identify the challenges cryptocurrency users face in tourism and provide recommendations on eliminating the problems of using cryptocurrencies in the tourism industry. The scientific novelty of the work lies in defining the level of public awareness in the use of cryptocurrency payments, particularly in tourism. The study's practical significance is that it enables tourism entities to understand how ready their customers are to use cryptocurrencies to pay for services and develop a strategy for implementing cryptocurrency payments.
MODERN APPROACHES AND CHALLENGES IN INSURERS' RISK MANAGEMENT
The article focuses on the problem of risk management of insurance companies, which, on the one hand, given the specifics of their activities, are designed to ensure protection of property interests of legal entities and individuals and, through insurance instruments, manage various risks that negatively affect sustainable social development, and, on the other hand, as business entities, are themselves exposed to risks associated with their operational, financial and investment activities. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical foundations and organizational and legal framework for risk management of insurers in Ukraine, and to identify ways to optimize this process in the context of current challenges. To achieve this goal, the article used such methods as generalization and grouping, analysis and synthesis, statistical methods, induction and a problem-oriented approach. It is determined that risk management in the insurance business covers two key areas: management of risks accepted for insurance in order to minimize insurance payments and management of risks of economic activity aimed at reducing losses associated with making inefficient management decisions. It is substantiated that in recent years, financial institutions providing insurance services in Ukraine have been forced to counteract the risks caused by a complex set of factors, among which the key ones are the decline in economic activity due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the devastating consequences of the full-scale Russian invasion, tighter regulation of insurance activities and increased competition from technology companies. Effective risk management of insurers in the context of economic and security instability requires addressing gaps in the insurance of military, political, investment and other risks, the introduction of digital tools and technologies, and active public-private partnerships. The successful transformation of the risk management system depends on the synergy of the innovative capacity of insurance companies, targeted government support, an appropriate regulatory environment, and the ability of the insurance business to adapt to the dynamic challenges of today.
MARKET CAPITALIZATION OF COMPANIES: INVESTMENT GUIDELINES
The article presents a comprehensive study of companies’ market capitalization as a crucial criterion of their financial stability, investment attractiveness, and market position. Market capitalization is a key indicator of a company’s value in the eyes of investors, based on the relationship between the share price and the total number of outstanding shares. In this context, the article is devoted to analyzing the structure of the global stock market, with a particular focus on companies classified into six main capitalization categories: Mega Cap, Large Cap, Mid Cap, Small Cap, Micro Cap, and Nano Cap. The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of each capitalization segment, analyze the key differences among them, and formulate investment guidelines for potential market participants based on the financial profiles of the companies. The research employs statistical, comparative, and graphical analysis methods, which enabled not only a quantitative assessment of the market value of enterprises but also an examination of additional indicators such as the P/E ratio, industry affiliation, geographic location, business transparency, and risk profile. The statistical sample included 60 leading companies from each segment (10 representatives per category), allowing for a balanced overview of the market. The study found that a company’s market capitalization significantly influences its investment potential and development strategies. Specifically, Mega Cap companies demonstrate stable profits, global influence, and minimal risks, whereas Nano Cap representatives are typically small innovative projects with high volatility. Mid Cap and Small Cap segments balance stability with growth potential, often representing promising industries such as biotechnology, IT, and alternative energy. The dependence of investment efficiency on the phase of the economic cycle was also analyzed: smaller capitalization companies tend to be the first to respond to economic recovery but also suffer the most during downturns. The scientific novelty of the research lies in integrating classificatory and comparative approaches to analyzing market capitalization as a tool for forecasting stock market dynamics. The practical significance consists in the potential use of the results for developing effective investment strategies, building diversified portfolios, and assessing the risk profiles of investment objects depending on their capitalization level.
ECONOMIC AND LEGAL PRINCIPLES OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE INSURANCE MARKET IN MODERN CONDITIONS
In the course of the study, a comprehensive analysis of the economic and legal factors determining the functioning of the insurance market of Ukraine in the context of economic transformation and adaptation of the legal system to EU legislation was carried out. It has been found that the efficiency of insurance companies largely depends on the stability of the legal framework, transparency of regulatory procedures, the level of competition in the market and the overall macroeconomic environment. The author analyses the key legal acts regulating the functioning of the insurance market, in particular, the new Law of Ukraine ‘On Insurance’. The Law is the result of the adaptation of national insurance legislation to the standards of the European Union, in particular to the provisions of the Solvency II Directive. The article analyses changes in regulatory policy, capital requirements, corporate governance, consumer protection, and market exit mechanisms. It is found that the economic environment in which insurance companies operate is characterised by instability, low effective demand for insurance services, and limited access to financial resources. Despite a gradual increase in gross insurance premiums in certain segments (especially in health and property insurance), the overall level of insurance penetration in the economy remains low compared to EU countries. In addition, the study identified such problems as a low level of voluntary insurance, a lack of public confidence in insurance companies, poor development of innovative insurance products, and insufficient digitalisation of the industry. At the same time, positive trends have been identified, such as the strengthening of the role of the National Bank of Ukraine, the intensification of the process of harmonising legislation with European standards, and the growth of the number of financially sound insurers. Thus, the results of the study confirm that ensuring the efficient functioning of the insurance market requires a comprehensive approach to improving its economic and legal framework, which should include both improving regulatory policy and creating an enabling environment for the development of insurance in Ukraine.