Dear colleagues, Due to technical work on the server, there may be delays in the automatic responses sent to journal authors during the review of your submissions (article submission, correspondence with authors or reviewers, notifications to authors regarding reviewer feedback, or notifications to authors regarding the publication decision). We hope to resolve this issue by the end of August. Thank you for your understanding! Physics and Chemistry of Solid State is a peer-review academic periodical journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Carpathian National University. The main topics for manuscripts are related to the modern problems of the physics, chemistry and of the technology of solids state. The journal publishes reviews and original research papers. Journal's issues has been published from 2000. Media identifier (National): R30-02046 ISSN 1729-4428 (Print) E-ISSN 2309-8589 (Online) CiteScore 2024 - 1.8 (2022 - 1.1, 2021 - 0.8, 2023 - 1.7) SJR 2024 - 0.255 SNIP 2023 - 0.431 Quartile: Q3 Frequency: quarterly
Vasyl Stefanyk Carpathian National University
Download: Title page & Editorial Board & Content
Copyright (c) 2025 Editorial Team PCSS http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Non-equilibrium analysis of the graphitization process in cast irons
A diffusion-vacancy mechanism has been developed that describes the process of graphitization of cast iron, and does not use the pressure of graphite on the matrix to explain the diffusion of iron. The values ​​of thermodynamic forces and kinetic coefficients were calculated for the case of graphitization of a binary alloy of the Fe–C system with 2.5% C at 1100°C. It was established that under the conditions of a stationary flow of vacancies during the graphitization of cast iron in the solid phase, the concentration of vacancies at the γ-phase – graphite boundary is approximately 0.97723 times less than the concentration of vacancies in the γ-phase. An assessment was made of the influence of alloying elements, using the example of chromium and silicon, on the graphitization of cast iron with 2.5% C. A thermodynamic parameter of graphitization was proposed that takes into account the influence of all alloying elements and characterizes the degree of stability of graphite under these conditions.
Copyright (c) 2025 S.V. Bobyr http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Study of radiation-catalytic activity of aluminosilicate systems in the processes of hydrogen production from methane and methane-steam mixture
The kinetics of H2 accumulation during the radiation-thermocatalytic decomposition of CH4+ 2H2O and 2CH4+H2O mixtures at T=300÷773 K (Ptot=1-12 atm) on the surface of aluminosilicate was studied. Doubling the relative concentration of methane in the reaction medium at T=773 K causes an increase in the yield of G(H2) from 1.2 to 2.3 molecule/100 eV. Based on the results obtained on the heterogeneous radiolysis of methane and the CH4+H2O mixture, the following conclusions can be drawn that the efficiency of energy transfer in the Al–Si + CH4 system is less than in the Al–Si + H2O system, and the radiation-chemical yield of molecular hydrogen at heterogeneous radiolysis of methane in the presence of amorphous aluminosilicate at PCH4≈1 atm, T=300÷773 K does not depend on temperature.
Copyright (c) 2025 T.N. Agayev, S.Z. Melikova, I.A. Faradjzade http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Propertıes of NBR/modıfıed EPDM rubber composıtıons
This study investigates the functional modification of ternary ethylene-propylene rubber (EPDM) with benzamine phenol formaldehyde (BPFO) to enhance its properties and compatibility with butadiene-nitrile rubber (NBR). Samples with varying compositions were prepared, and their rheological properties were analyzed to identify optimal blends. This study's novelty stems from its simultaneous improvement of EPDM's compatibility with NBR, mechanical strength, thermal resistance, tear strength, and metal adhesion, along with the determination of optimal blend ratios for industrial applications. The addition of 4-6 parts by weight (p.w.) of BPFO to SKEPT-60 led to a 12% increase in fracture strength and up to a 30% improvement in metal adhesion. This range was found to be optimal. The introduction of functional groups (–OH, –NH₂, –CH₂–) enables cross-linking, increases stiffness and mechanical strength, and enhances thermal stability. Furthermore, BPFO improves the compatibility between NBR and EPDM, reducing swelling in aggressive environments due to its aromatic structure. The resulting modified rubber compositions have numerous industrial applications, including automotive components, fuel and oil pipelines, compressor seals, and machinery parts in petrochemical, aviation, construction, and household industries. They are especially suitable for high-performance sealing and insulating applications in harsh conditions, offering improved chemical resistance, durability, and long-term reliability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fariz Amirli, Rana Khankishiyeva, Ibrahim Movlayev, Aynur Mammadova http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Synthesis and crystal structure of the R3Fe0.1Ga1.6Se7 selenides (R – La, Ce, Pr, Nd)
Samples of the stoichiometric composition R3Fe0.1Ga1.6Se7 (R – La, Ce, Pr, Nd) were synthesized from high purity elements in evacuated quartz containers at a maximum synthesis temperature of 1100°C. The crystal structure of the selenides that was investigated by X-ray powder method found that they belong to the structural type La3CuSiS7 (S.G. P63). The lattice parameters are: a = 10.5358(8) Å, c = 6.3796(6) Å, V = 613.2(2) Å3, RI = 0.0846, Rp = 0.1575 (for La3Fe0.1Ga1.6Se7); a = 10.4379(5) Å, c = 6.3550(5) Å, V = 599.6(1) Å3, RI = 0.0878, Rp = 0.2137 (for Ce3Fe0.1Ga1.6Se7); a = 10.3431(4) Å, c = 6.3735(8) Å, V = 590.49(8) Å3, RI = 0.0846, Rp = 0.1575 (for Pr3Fe0.1Ga1.6Se7); a = 10.2817(4) Å, c = 6.3819(4) Å, V = 548.26(8) Å3, RI = 0.0939, Rp = 0.2409 (for Nd3Fe0.1Ga1.6Se7). Obtained chalcogenides are derived from the R3Ga1.67Se7 selenides by partial substitution of Ga atoms in the 2a site with divalent Fe atoms. Rare-earth atoms in the studied structures occupy the 6c site and, together with Se atoms, form trigonal prisms with one additional atom [R 7Se]. Trigonal prisms share edges to form blocks. Fe and Ga atoms are statistically distributed in the 2a site and have an octahedral environment. Octahedra [M 6Se] share faces to form spatial columns [M(Fe + Ga)Se6]n along the c axis, which are connected to the trigonal prisms by common edges. Part of Ga atoms is located in the center of the [Ga 4Se] tetrahedra in the 2b site.
Copyright (c) 2025 N.M. Blashko, O.V. Marchuk, V.M. Kordan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Isothermal section of the Dy-Cr-Ge system at 1073 K
The phase equilibrium diagram of the Dy-Cr-Ge ternary system was constructed over the whole concentration range at 1073 K using methods of powder X-ray diffractometry, metallography, and electron microprobe analysis. Three ternary compounds are formed in the Dy-Cr-Ge system at the annealing temperature: Dy117Cr52Ge112 (Tb117Fe52Ge112 structure type, space group Fm-3m, a = 2.8723(8) nm), DyCr6Ge6 (SmMn6Sn6 structure type, space group P6/mmm, a = 0.51642(1), c = 0.82767(2) nm), DyCr1-xGe2 (CeNiSi2 structure type, space group Cmcm, a = 0.41249(5)-0.4140(3), b = 1.58287(2)-1.5890(7), c = 0.40048(5)-0.4001(2) nm). The DyCr1-xGe2 compound with CeNiSi2 structure type is characterized by a small homogeneity range limited by the DyCr0.28Ge2 and DyCr0.30Ge2 compositions. The solubility of chromium in the binary germanide Dy5Ge3 (Mn5Si3-type) extends up to 4 at. %. The DFT calculations were used to evaluate the thermodynamic, elastic, and electrical properties of the DyCr1-xGe2 compound.
Copyright (c) 2025 L. Romaka, Yu. Stadnyk, V.V. Romaka, Yu. Yatskiv, M. Konyk http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Engineering Biomaterials: Pioneering Advances in Medical Device Technology
This review article provides an overview of the development and applications of biomaterials in the areas of design and functionality of medical devices, dental implants, and prosthetics, highlighting recent advancements, challenges, and future directions.The foundation of this review lies in the examination of the classification, properties, and characteristics of various biomaterials, encompassing metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, natural biomaterials and hybrid biomaterials. Biomaterials have found extensive applications in medical devices, such as cardiovascular stents, pacemakers, implantable sensors, and biosensors. In dental implants, titanium-based and ceramic-based implants have improved osseointegration and aesthetics. Prosthetics have also been benefited from biomaterials, with advancements in limb replacements, orthotics, and tissue engineering scaffolds.The biological interactions between biomaterials and the human body are crucial, with biocompatibility, bioactivity, and biodegradability being key considerations. Recent advancements in biomaterials design, such as nanostructured surfaces, bio-inspired materials, and 3D printing, have enhanced biomaterials performance. However, challenges persist, including toxicity and biocompatibility concernsand mechanical property optimization.Despite these challenges, biomaterials research continues to advance, driven by emerging trends such as personalized medicine, tissue engineering, biohybrid systems, tailored biomaterials for individual patient needs, biomaterials-based scaffolds for tissue regeneration and integrating biomaterials with living tissues hold immense promise. This review aims to provide researchers, clinicians, and industry professionals with a thorough understanding of biomaterials development and applications, inspiring innovative solutions for improved healthcare outcomes.By exploring the vast potential of biomaterials, this review seeks to bridge the gap between materials science, engineering, and medicine, fostering collaboration and innovation in the pursuit of better patient care.
Copyright (c) 2025 Raghavendra Bakale, Santosh S. Pawar, S.K. Sushant, Shridhar N. Mathad, Sheela Sangam, Shivalingsarj V. Desai http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Preparation and some electrophysical properties of the compound Sn(Pb)SbBiS4 and solid solutions based on SnSbBiS4
When studying the ternary system Sb2S3-Sn(Pb)S-Bi2S3, it was established that in the Sn(Pb)Sb2S4-Sn(Pb)Bi2S4 sections a quaternary compound with the composition SnSbBiS4 and PbSbBiS4 is formed. And in the SnSbBiS4-SnS system, solid solutions are formed based on the initial components. Their electrical conductivity and temperature dependence of thermoelectric properties have been studied over a wide range. The results of measuring the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity, the samples have a semiconductor conductivity throughout the entire temperature range. It was established that all samples are n-type semiconductors. The compound SnSbBiS4 and PbSbBiS4 have high photosensitivity in the IR region of the spectrum. At operating voltage 10-20 V, Rd / Rl 1.1⸱103÷1.4⸱103.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sharafat Mammadov, Huseyn Gurbanov http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Influence of hot forming modes on the structure, mechanical and tribotechnical properties of powder composites of the AL-TIC system
In this work were investigated the structure, phase composition, mechanical and tribotechnical properties of aluminium matrix composites obtained by hot forging. The results of local phase analysis showed that the hot forgin aluminum-matrix composites consist of an aluminium matrix and dispersed titanium carbide inclusions. The HRB hardness values range from 69.1 to 80 (for samples with 45-50 Al (wt. %)) and up to 73.7-76 (55-60 Al (wt. %)) and compressive strengths are σb = 450 - 600 MPa; σ0.2=350 - 509 MPa depending on the composition and preheating temperature. AMCs with sufficiently high strength are capable of plastic deformation ε-5.3-9.19%. The results of tribotechnical studies have shown that when testing a composite paired with copper, the samples without excess carbon wear out intensively due to the mutual adhesion of the aluminium matrix of the composite and the copper. In turn, the composites containing residual carbon showed a resistance of more than 100 times in relation to the compositions without excess carbon.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yevheniia Kyryliuk, Stepan Kyryliuk, Gennadii Bagliuk, Yulia Shishkina, Iaroslav Sytnyk http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Short comparative analysis on the prospects for the use of three-dimensional FIN FET transistors for sensor electronics
The development of modern electronics is based on the introduction of modern micro- and nanoelectronic technologies. Traditional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) planar transistor structures based on bulk silicon are gradually giving way to more advanced structures with better electrical, frequency, energy characteristics, and radiation resistance based on three-dimensional (3D) "silicon-on-insulator" structures that provide better electrical characteristics, higher speed, energy efficiency with the possibility of further scaling. Promising areas of use for both traditional microcircuits and sensor electronics are the use of 3D nanometer transistors of the FinFET, Gate-All-Around (GAA) type, as well as those based on nanosheets (Nano-sheet) and nanowires (Nanowire). The paper considers the structures of such types of SOI nanometer 3D transistors and examples of their use in sensor electronics.
Copyright (c) 2025 I. Kohut, O. Samarchuk http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Research of cement stone permeability based on composite plugging material for oil and gas wells
The article analyzes the state of hydrocarbon production potential of Ukraine with a review of oil and gas hard-to-recover reserves. Ensuring reliable delineation of horizons needs the forming of cement stone with appropriate characteristics. The importance of forming a high-quality insulating screen for oil and gas wells is confirmed, both in terms of hydrocarbon production and in terms of labor safety and environmental impact. The main technological parameters of the plugging mud based on material DRCT and cement PCT I-100, as well as their physical-and-mechanical properties of cement stone, were determined. According to the results of the research, both in terms of the parameters of the plugging mud and the physical-and-mechanical properties of the cement stone, an advantage and improved values of indicators were obtained for the plugging material based on composite cement DRCT compared to cement PCT I-100. T It was found that the formed cement stone based on material DRCT has a densely packed structure. The permeability of cement stone samples based on DRCT in fresh and formation water storage was evaluated. The gas permeability for the researched samples is almost the same, which indicates the absence of a degrading effect on the cement stone. The obtained results indicate that the material DRCT is suitable for cementing oil and gas well casing. The results of the introduction of the plugging material based on DRCT during the cementing of casing string diameter 127 mm in well No. 105 of the Verkhnyomaslovetske field confirmed the success of its application.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ye.M. Stavychnyi, Ya.M. Femiak, O.Yu. Vytyaz, B.A. Tershak, M.M. Plytus, M.M. Klymyuk, V.V. Kindrat http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
High-purity nano hydroxyapatite (CaP) synthesized at low temperature (<100°C): a promising candidate for large-scale production of nano fertilizers
Calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoliquid fertilizers have shown great potential in improving nutrient uptake efficiency by providing a controlled and sustained release of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ions. In this study, we successfully synthesized highly pure calcium phosphate nanoparticles with a uniform size of a few tens of nanometers using a simple and cost-effective method. By incorporating triethanolamine (TEA) as a complexing and stabilizing agent, we significantly reduced the synthesis temperature, leading to lower energy consumption and production costs while ensuring excellent nanoparticle quality. The resulting nano-hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) exhibited a high surface area, promoting gradual nutrient release and improved bioavailability for crops. This straightforward approach offers a scalable and economically viable route for producing advanced nanofertilizers tailored for sustainable agriculture.
Copyright (c) 2025 Thi My Anh Nguyen, Thanh Sinh Do, Thai Thinh Le, Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen, Cong Danh Nguyen, Nhi Kieu Vo, Ngoc Tuan Anh Mai http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Study of the heat transfer efficiency of a wick heat pipe with induction heating of the core made of magnetic stainless steel
The results of mathematical modelling of a heat pipe with induction heating of the core, designed for efficient transfer of low-temperature heat flow to the working fluid in conditions of limited dimensions, are presented. The design includes a thin-walled copper casing, a porous wick structure made of non-magnetic stainless steel mesh, and a magnetic stainless steel core heated by a cylindrical induction coil placed on the casing above the core. Based on physical models of heat transfer, a mathematical description of the processes has been developed that takes into account induction heat generation, the heat capacity of the tube components, and heat losses due to free convection. The dependence of the heating dynamics and thermal efficiency on the angle of inclination of the heat pipe relative to the vertical has been established. The results of the calculations showed that maximum efficiency is achieved in a vertical position, and with an increase in the angle of inclination above 60°, there is an increase in gravitational resistance to fluid motion, which leads to a gradual decrease in heat transfer. It has been shown that at inclinations up to 80°, the performance of the structure is maintained, but to ensure stable operation at even greater angles, additional measures are necessary: reducing the radius of the pores of the wick structure to increase capillary pressure, increasing the thickness or number of mesh layers, and selecting working fluids with more favourable wetting properties.
Copyright (c) 2025 Iryna Vashchyshak, Serhii Vashchyshak, Tetiana Mazur, Myroslav Mazur http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Estimation of relatively small temperature differences with the use of resistive temperature sensors. Part 1
The method of estimating relatively small temperature differences using 4 resistive temperature sensors electrically connected in a bridge circuit is described. An example of experimental estimation of the temperature difference on the opposite outer surfaces of ceramic plates of a thermoelectric module and examples of testing some elements of the estimation system are described. Factors that may affect the results of the specified estimation are considered.
Copyright (c) 2025 O.S. Kshevetskyi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
The principle of developing a programmable multi-frequency oscillator based on CMOS transistors in the LT SPICE environment
The paper examines the principle of operation of a ring oscillator and the method of its implementation on logic elements in order to improve its operation through simulation and an attempt to achieve optimal characteristics. Features of the implementation of a ring oscillator in the LT Spice environment using components such as a frequency divider, frequency generator, and frequency controller were also proposed. The work investigated the operation of a frequency divider using five D-type flip-flops, from which six different frequencies were obtained (five flip-flops and one frequency at the generator output). Using LT Spice tools, time-frequency diagrams were constructed and the expected results were confirmed. The last step was to build a programmable oscillator and create a controller to set the desired frequency at the output of the device.
Copyright (c) 2025 Т.G. Benko, V.S. Mamroha http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Reciprocity Relation in Thermoelectric Composites: Optimizing Materials for Energy Efficiency and Thermal Management
Effective kinetic properties of two-phase heterogeneous media with thermoelectric properties have been considered. These properties manifest themselves when an electric current and a heat flow coexist in the medium. It is shown that in some cases, it is possible to generalize the reciprocity relations obtained in the absence of thermoelectric phenomena and find invariants (combinations of effective thermoelectric coefficients) with respect to changes in the phase concentration in the two-dimensional case. For the three-dimensional case, using the moving percolation threshold approach in the mean-field theory, it is shown that similar reciprocity relations (invariants) can be approximately satisfied when the percolation threshold is shifted.
Copyright (c) 2025 I. Ivanova, A. Snarskii, V. Fedotov, I. Didur http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
The Effect of the Modulation Period on the Diffusion Intermixing and Magnetic Properties Behavior of Pt/Co Thin Films Induced by Ion Pre-irradiation
The effects of modulation period and N+ ion pre-irradiation on the layers intermixing and magnetic properties modification of Pt/Co and Pt/Co/Pt/Co stacks were investigated. The correlation between structural changes, diffusion intermixing, and magnetic properties behavior was discussed as a function of ion fluence. An experimental analysis was performed using X-ray diffraction, secondary ions mass-spectrometry, and in-plane vibrating sample magnetometry characterization. The nonlinear behavior of the saturation magnetization values for the bi- and four-layered stacks was observed. Based on the results of the study, it was found that a significant increase in coercivity (498 Oe) of the four-layered stack after the pre-irradiation with a fluence of 5 × 10¹⁴ ions/cm², related to the ion-induced collisional intermixing and more pronounced formation of the structural defects. It was demonstrated that employing a significant enhancement of the formation of additional defects and intrinsic strains may stretch the crystal lattice of the A1-CoPt phase, resulting in a modification of exchange interaction between Co atoms in the thin-film composition.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andrii Orlov, Roman Pedan, Ivan Kruhlov, Yurii Yavorskyi, Oleksander Dubikovskyi, Oleksander Kosulya, Andrii Bodnaruk, Igor Vladymyrskyi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Modification of the Dispersion Curve Shape of Liver Tissue Conductivity under the Influence of Destructive Factors
This work investigates the frequency dispersion of electrical properties of biological tissues, particularly pig liver, using spectral analysis of conductivity. Numerical differentiation of impedance characteristics was applied over a wide frequency range (0.01 Hz – 100 kHz) to identify local transitions between tissue electrophysiological regimes. It is shown that the position of the local minimum of the first derivative of the imaginary part of specific conductivity near 1 Hz, corresponding to alpha-dispersion and interfacial polarization on cell membranes, remains stable regardless of sample size but shifts sensitively under the influence of destructive factors (e.g., temperature, radiation). These results confirm the feasibility of using conductivity derivatives as an informative marker of structural changes in tissues, complementing classic impedance approaches for diagnosing and monitoring pathological processes.
Copyright (c) 2025 D.M. Chervinko, B.I. Rachiy, L.S. Yablon, V.O. Kotsiubynsky, O.P. Pakhovsky, I.M. Hasiuk http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Influence of Neodymium Doping on the Thermomagnetic Response and Colloidal Behavior of Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles
In this work, CuNdxFe2-xO4 (x = 0.00 - 0.11) nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol-gel autocombustion method and systematically investigated to evaluate the impact of neodymium substitution on their structural, magnetic, and heating performance for magnetic hyperthermia applications. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of spinel structures across all compositions. Magnetic characterization revealed a non-monotonic trend in saturation magnetization (Ms), reaching a maximum value of 62.11 emu/g at x = 0.05, while coercivity (Hc) varied between 236 and 273 Oe, reflecting the influence of Nd3+ on magnetic anisotropy. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant (K) was evaluated using both coercivity-based and high-field approaches, confirming enhanced anisotropy at moderate Nd substitution. Corresponding Néel relaxation times (τN) ranged from ~5 to 22 ns, supporting efficient magnetic heating for selected compositions. Zeta potential measurements demonstrated enhanced colloidal stability with moderate Nd substitution, with values exceeding +30 mV, suggesting favorable dispersion conditions for biomedical use. Magnetic hyperthermia performance was assessed under an alternating magnetic field (23.8 kA/m, 357 kHz) using both Box–Lucas and Newton Cooling models. The highest specific absorption rate (SAR) values, were observed for x = 0.03, 0.05, and 0.11. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing rare-earth substitution to modulate surface charge, magnetic anisotropy, and relaxation behavior.
Copyright (c) 2025 M. Mokliak, L. Kaykan, J. Mazurenko, M. Moiseienko, M. Kuzyshyn, I. Dovbnia, N. Ilnitsky, S. Yuryev, V. Mokliak http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Phase equilibria of melts of thermoelectric materials based on Bi-Sb-Se-Te
Theoretical models of ordered alloys of quaternary systems based on Bi-Sb-Se-Te have been developed. A scheme of distribution of phase regions of quaternary systems based on ternary systems has been constructed using phase diagrams of binary alloys of the initial components Bi-Te, Bi-Sb, Bi-Se, Te-Sb, Sb-Se, Te-Se. Isothermal cross-sections of quaternary systems at different temperatures are presented, on the basis of which conoid triangles are constructed and cases of congruent and incongruent melting are predicted for materials with programmable properties.
Copyright (c) 2025 O.M. Manyk, D.E. Rybchakov, V.V. Lysko, V.V. Razinkov http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Determination of the Fermi energy of electrons in lead telluride based on measurements of the Seebeck coefficient
The possibilities of using the model of dominance of one carrier scattering mechanism for calculating the Fermi energy µ using experimental values of the Seebeck coefficient Sexp were analyzed. The specific electrical conductivity of n-PbTe:I was calculated in the relaxation time approximation with simultaneous consideration of many scattering mechanisms. The obtained Fermi energy values were compared with the values calculated as µ(Sexp). The influence of corrections to the Bloch form of wave functions and screening of scattering centers by carriers on the numerical values of mobilities and numerical values of Fermi energies determined in the model of dominance of one scattering mechanism was investigated.
Copyright (c) 2025 Т. Potiatynnyk, O. Matkivskyi, V. Hovdiak, I. Horichok http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Effect of tin doping on thin SrCo2O4 layers properties prepared by Sol-gel Dip-coating technique
Tin doped SrCo2O4 thin films at 0%, 3% and 5% on "pyrex" glass substrates have been prepared by Sol-gel Dip-coating method. In both cases cobalt nitrate, strontium nitrate and tin chloride were used as cobalt and strontium precursor and tin dopant source, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the SrCo2O4 spinel crystal structure (311) as the preferential orientation with crystallite sizes ranging from 23.58 to 25.44 nm. Analysis of optical transmission spectra as a function of wavelength shows that transmission of the doped films is found to be superior to the undoped film and the band gaps (Eg) decreased from 1.48 to 1.43 eV by Sn dopants. Complex impedance spectroscopy indicates that the grain boundary effect is dominant in the mechanism of conduction. The resistance at the room temperature varied from 47.75 Ω to 41.87 Ω for variation of Sn concentration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdelmalek Kharroubi, Hadj Benhebal, Bedhiaf Benrabah, Khaoula Hireche, Mohamed Touati, Yamina Loukrif http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Characterization of (As2S3)1-x(Bi2S3)x glasses by DC conductivity
We present DC conductivity measurements of newly synthesised and thermally annealed (As2S3)1-x (Bi2S3)x (0.08 ≤ x ≤ 0.14) glasses. X-ray diffraction measurements show that as-prepared As2S3)1-x(Bi2S3)x glasses were amorphous and after annealing of the samples nucleation and growth of Bi2S3 crystallites in an amorphous matrix occurs. Increasing concentration of bismuth sulfide crystalline inclusions leads to an increase in specific conductivity 10-103 S/m, and decrease in activation energy from 1.2 eV for As2S3 down to 0.95 eV for (As2S3)1-x(Bi2S3)x with x = 0.14. Recrystallization of bismuth-containing alloys leads to a sharp increase in specific conductivity, and a decrease in the activation energy that can be explained within the framework of the model of micro-inhomogeneous conductivity or by the percolation mechanism.
Copyright (c) 2025 I.M. Voynarovych, S.M. Hasynets, V.V. Halyan, S.I. Pavley, V.V. Lopushansky, V.V. Rubish, O.O. Gomonnai http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Amorphous Alloys Synthesızed by Hıgh-Energy Mıllıng: A Study on theır Applıcatıons as Bıomaterıals
In this work, the amorphous alloys Co₆₉Nb₂₃B₈, Fe₇₈Si₉B₁₃, Co₆₈Cu₂₃B₉, and Fe₆₄Nb₂₈B₈ were synthesized by high-energy mechanical milling (HEM) and investigated as promising biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration. The synthesis was carried out with a 20 g powder load, a ball-to-powder weight ratio of 20:1, a rotation speed of 300 rpm, and a total milling time of 15 h, using ethyl alcohol (C₂H₆O) as a process control agent and an inert argon atmosphere. The amorphous alloys were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), textural analysis, SEM, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA), magnetic measurements (VSM), mechanical testing, and in vitro cytotoxicity assays. Swelling degree analyses showed favorable results, indicating the potential biomedical applicability of the amorphous Co- and Fe-based alloys. Cytotoxicity tests revealed that the safe concentration, at which cell viability exceeded 70%, demonstrates promising potential for the use of these materials as metallic biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration and temporary orthopedic implants.
Copyright (c) 2025 Luciano Nascimento, Ana Cristina Figueiredo de Melo Costa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Spectral and Temperature Properties of Solar Cells Based on Cadmium Telluride Thin-Films
This paper investigates the effect of CdTe layer thickness on the spectral characteristics and parameters of the Au/CdTe/CdS/ITO thin-film heterostructure using both modeling and experimental measurements. The thin-film solar cell was deposited by RF magnetron sputtering in vacuum. Numerical analysis in the SCAPS-1D simulation environment enabled the evaluation of the dependencies: efficiency, short-circuit current density, and open-circuit voltage on the wavelength spectrum and absorber layer thickness. It was shown that increasing the absorber layer thickness to 3-4 µm promotes the growth of both current density and open-circuit voltage, which is consistent with experimental measurements. The obtained temperature dependencies indicate a decrease in efficiency with increasing temperature under both monochromatic spectra and solar illumination, with the temperature dependencies of relative efficiency under monochromatic and direct solar illumination being nearly identical.
Copyright (c) 2025 V.Y. Fedenko, R.S. Yavorskyi, A.I. Kashuba, B.S. Dzundza http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Investigation into main luminescence properties of various natural salt samples using TL and OSL tecniques
In this study, the natural salt minerals of Turkey were investigated using Thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). For this purpose, luminescence dosimetric properties such as glow curve shape, fading, dose-response ratio, linearity, thermal quenching and repeatability were investigated. The TL (up to 400 ℃ in steps of ⁓β= 2 ℃/s) properties were studied against natural and artificial doses. While natural TL signal does not show regular TL signal, artificially irradiated at low doses (0.1Gy) shows 3 TL peaks at about 80-100℃, 125-190 ℃, and 230-290 ℃, respectively. On the other hand, higher doses (10Gy) present 2 TL peaks at about 80-110 °C and 225-290 ° C, respectively. OSL properties of salt samples were also investigated using Hoya-U 340 filter. It was observed that the OSL signals were able to decrease the BGK level after about 2 seconds of illumination using blue LED. Results show that the luminescence properties of all examined salt samples could be good candidates to be used in accident dosimetry and dating studies over the related literature.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yasemin Kavas, Eren Şahiner http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Impact of Post-Deposition Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Boron Nitride Thin Films Prepared by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering
The effects of post-deposition heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of boron nitride thin films deposited on 316L stainless steel substrates via radio frequency magnetron sputteringwere investigated . Thermal annealing procedures applied to BN coatings at 850°C within a nitrogen environment for 1.5 hours to study how heat treatment alters coating structural and functional behaviour. A systematic examination was performed to evaluate how heat treatments affected both microstructural transformations and phase compositions as well as mechanical properties. Hot treatment enhanced mechanical film properties by raising hardness values from the original 5.35 GPa in as-deposited films to 11.4 GPa alongside a clear linear thermal connection. The research shows that correct post-deposition heat treatment strengthens BN thin film structures and mechanical characteristics thus making them suitable for industrial-level applications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mukhtiar Singh, Rashad Abaszade, Ruslan Zapukhlyak, Volodymyr Kotsyubynsky, Fuad Abaszadeh http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Structural properties of ZnO films obtained on SiC/porous-Si by the method of high frequence magnetron sputtering
The morphological and structural properties of ZnO thin films grown by RF magnetron sputtering using a SiC/porous-Si/Si template were studied. The preparation of the ZnO/SiC/porous-Si/Si heterostructure was carried out in two stages: deposition of SiC films by solid-phase epitaxy followed by the deposition of ZnO films by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. SiC buffer layers on the porous silicon substrate allow for the growth of ZnO films with low residual mechanical stress, measured at -82.3 MPa. A comparative analysis with data from other studies indicates the relatively high quality of the obtained structures. Keywords. zinc oxide (ZnO), silicon carbide (SiC), porous silicon (por-Si), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD)
Copyright (c) 2025 A.S. Revenko, V.V. Kidalov, O.I. Gudymenko http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
A Brief Review and Role of Local Field Correction Functions in Condensed Matter Physics
The importance of various local field correction functions in condensed matter physics that have been proposed thus far from diverse literature surveys is reported in the current article. Total 40 different forms of local field correction functions have been identified in the literature so far. Each local field correction function's essential parameters are supplied along with a brief summary. Our main objective is to emphasize the different local field corrections that have been published in the literature since 1957 and provide the scientific community with complete reference information. Content Introduction Dielectric Screening Theory Several Forms of LFCFs 2.1. Hubbard (HB) LFCF (1957) 2.2. Hubbard-Sham (HS) LFCF (1957) 2.3. Hubbard-Sham-Geldart-Vosko LFCF (HSGV) (1957) 2.4. Sham (SM) LFCF (1965) 2.5. Kohn-Sham (KS) LFCF (1965) 2.6. Geldart-Vosko LFCF (GV) (1966) 2.7. Hartree (HT) LFCF (1967) 2.8. Harrison (HR) LFCF (1967) 2.9. Kleinmann (KM) LFCF (1968) 2.10. Ashcroft (AS) LFCF (1968) 2.11. Singwi-Tosi-Sjölander-Land (STSL) LFCF (1968) 2.12. Kleinmann-Langreth (KL) LFCF (1968) 2.13. Shaw-Pynn (SP) LFCF (SP) (1969) 2.14. Singwi-Sjölander-Tosi-Land (SSTL) LFCF (1970) 2.15. Shaw (SH) LFCF (1970) 2.16. Toigo-Woodruff (TW) LFCF (1970) 2.17. King-Cutler (KC) LFCF (KC) (1971) 2.18. Overhouser (OV) LFCF (1971) 2.19. Mahanti-Das (MD) LFCF (1971) 2.20. Vashishta-Singwi (VS) LFCF (1972) 2.21. Jain-Jain (JJ) LFCF (1973) 2.22. Pathak-Vashishta (PV) LFCF (1973) 2.23. Kuglar (KR) LFCF (1975) 2.24. Srivastava (SR) LFCF (1977) 2.25. Tripathi-Mandal (TM) LFCF (1977) 2.26. Taylor (TY) LFCF (1978) 2.27. Ichimaru-Utsumi (IU) LFCF (1981) 2.28. Alvarellos-Flores (AF) LFCF (1984) 2.29. Bhatia-Singh (BS) LFCF (1985) 2.30. Nagy (NG) LFCF (1986) 2.31. Farid-Heine-Engle-Robertson (FHER) LFCF (1993) 3.32. Gold-Calmels (GC) LFCF (1993) 2.33. Ortiz-Ballone (OB) LFCF (1994) 2.34. Moroni-Ceperley-Senatore (MCS) LFCF (1995) 2.35. Bretonnet-Boulahbak (BB) LFCF (1996) 2.36. Sarkar-Sen-Haldar-Roy (SSHR) LFCF (1998) 2.37. Hellal-Gasser-Issolah (HGI) LFCF (2003) 2.38. Sarkar-Haldar-Roy-Sen (SHRS) LFCF (2004) 2.39. Dornheim-Vorberger-Groth-Hoffmann-Moldabekov-Bonitz (DVGHMB) LFCF (2019-2020) 2.40. Kukkonen-Chen (KC) LFCF (2021) Conclusions
Copyright (c) 2025 Aditya Vora http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Сurrent trends in thermoelectric technologies, prospects for thermoregulation
This article presents an overview of current trends in thermoelectric technologies, covering various aspects of materials application and development. In particular, the possibilities of integrating thermoelectric cells into solar panels to increase energy conversion efficiency are considered. Particular attention is paid to thermoelectric heat pumps, which demonstrate significant potential for use in low temperatures. Thermal management systems for electric vehicle batteries are analyzed to ensure stable operation under various operating conditions. In addition, modern materials for thermoelectric cooling systems, including nanostructured and composite materials, are considered. Finally, the prospects for the development of wearable thermocouples that can provide efficient cooling and thermoregulation with minimal material use are investigated. The summarized data emphasize the importance of innovations in thermoelectrics for improving energy efficiency and comfort in modern technologies.
Copyright (c) 2025 R.G. Cherkez, O.M. Porubanyi, S.O. Tomko http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/