Legal and social rights of internally displaced persons during martial law in Ukraine

Abstract

The article examines the legal and social aspects of protecting internally displaced persons (IDPs) under martial law in Ukraine. Given the large number of people forced to leave their homes due to the armed aggression of the Russian Federation, the issue of ensuring their rights has become particularly urgent. The article provides a detailed analysis of legislative initiatives and regulatory acts aimed at supporting IDPs, including social protection, access to medical services, housing rights, and the right to education. Special attention is given to the analysis of social assistance, including financial payments and other state programs that ensure a minimum level of subsistence for displaced persons. An important aspect is the legal status of IDPs in Ukraine, which includes the specifics of ensuring rights to social benefits, access to justice, and other forms of legal protection. The article addresses the difficulties faced by IDPs in obtaining documents, registering their place of residence, and exercising their rights, which remains a complex process in the rapidly changing situation. It also explores international standards and practices concerning IDP rights, comparing Ukrainian legislation with European standards for the protection of internally displaced persons, allowing for an assessment of the state’s readiness to provide the necessary level of legal and social support under martial law. Additionally, the impact of martial law on the effectiveness of legislative initiatives is highlighted, particularly issues related to the imperfections of administrative procedures, lack of proper coordination between government bodies and organizations responsible for IDP support, as well as the restrictions arising from ongoing military actions. The article offers recommendations for improving mechanisms for supporting internally displaced persons. Overall, the article is of interest to researchers, practitioners in public administration, government representatives, and the public seeking a deeper understanding of the processes of formulating and implementing state policy.