ПОЛІТИКА КРАЇН ЄВРОСОЮЗУ В ГАЛУЗІ ДОШКІЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ

Анотація

The educational policy of each state determines the priority directions for the development of various educational branches, including preschool education. The article is devoted to the disclosure of the characteristic features of the formation and development of preschool education systems of individual countries of the European Union - Germany, France, and Bulgaria. The author focuses on the priorities of educational policy: quality, efficiency, equality. It is noted that education priorities are defined in many political documents and in different ways; sometimes they are presented in the form of large tasks, the most important for a certain country or region. It is shown that the system of preschool education was created in Germany, where the term kindergarten came from. A list of different types of preschool education institutions that exist in Germany is offered; it is stated that the main conceptual principles of raising children are implemented in kindergartens of free and open types; the most common type of free kindergarten is Steiner kindergartens and Maria Montessori kindergartens. The article characterizes the peculiarities of preschool education in France: the most common institution for preschool children in France was and remains the nursery school. It is emphasized that France has adopted a school law, which provides for measures to ensure continuity between preschool education and school education; there is a single state educational program that is mandatory for all educational institutions. The main task of various types of preschool education institutions is socialization; the general goal of preschool education is the development of physical, social, behavioral and intellectual skills necessary for the formation of the ability to live in modern society. The author describes the preschool education system of the Republic of Bulgaria, which has a developed and tested clear state program for working with preschool children. The preschool education system is focused on physical education; there is a state program for raising children in preschool educational institutions. Preschool education is part of the public education system, its primary link.