Titanium Dioxide-Enhanced Carbon Paste Electrodes for Superior Electrochemical Sensors

Editorial Board PCSS Journal; Mary Gojeh; Salamatu Hayat; Bemgba B. Nyakuma; Ishaya S. Alhassan; Umar Imrana; Adamu Sada; Samuel-Soma M. Ajibade; Sani M. Isyaka

doi:10.15330/pcss.26.2.209-215

Authors

Mary Gojeh Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Salamatu Hayat Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Bemgba B. Nyakuma Department of Chemical Sciences, North-Eastern University, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-7950
Ishaya S. Alhassan Naval Engineering Branch, Naval Headquarters, Muhammadu Buhari Way, Garki, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria.
Umar Imrana Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Adamu Sada Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Samuel-Soma M. Ajibade Research Centre for Nanomaterials & Energy Technology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia.
Sani M. Isyaka Department of Chemical Sciences, North-Eastern University, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15330/pcss.26.2.209-215

Keywords:

Carbon Paste Electrode,, Electrochemical Oxidation, Titanium dioxide, Ferricyanide oxidation, Electrode materials

Abstract

In this study, the synthesis and electrochemical oxidation of ferricyanide using a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with TiO₂ was examined in detail. The objective was to create an effective and dependable electrochemical sensor for ferricyanide oxidation, a redox probe that is frequently employed in various analytical applications. In addition, the TiO₂-modified CPE was synthesized to enhance the electrocatalytic activity and sensitivity to ferricyanide oxidation. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the modified sensor. The ferricyanide analysis showed that after TiO₂ modification, the surface area of graphite increased significantly. The impact of scan rates on the electrochemical oxidation process examined at various scan rates showed a strong correlation between the two processes (Correlation coefficient, R² = 0.94). In comparison to the unmodified electrode, the experimental results showed that the TiO₂-modified CPE showed better electrochemical performance, and higher peak current density but lower oxidation potential. The study provides new insights into the design and optimization of electrode materials for electrochemical sensing applications, suggesting their potential use in various future applications.

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