TOPONYMS AND MICROTOPONYMS OF NATIONAL MINORITIES IN THE IVANO-FRANKIVSK REGION

Abstract

The article investigates the state of toponyms and micrototopologies of national minorities in Ivano-Frankivsk, who lived and reside in the region. The data on them is compared with the toponymy of these ethnic groups in Ukraine. The history of the settlement of a particular national minority in the Ukrainian territory, in particular, in the Carpathian region.

The active policy of forcibly introducing the pro-communist toponyms into the Soviet regime seriously damaged Ukrainian toponymy. Especially active was the company of such renaming in the Eastern and Southern regions of the then USSR.

In the structure of the population of the region, during its history, the number and characteristics of settling in social and cultural life were distinguished as representatives of the Christian (Poles, Germans, Hungarians, Armenians, etc.), and not Christian (Jews, Karaites, medieval representatives of nomadic peoples) minorities. Their settlement began from the time of Kievan Rus and took place in several waves, which was characteristic of one or another minority.

Of the 69 names of Polish microtoponyms in Ivano-Frankivsk region are the names of Polish surnames – 16, 12 bear names - Mazurski, 10 named as Polish (field, angle), and 6 are called Ljahami, etc.

The network of German settlements in the Precarpathian Region was formed during the nineteenth century, especially in its second half. German settlements ranged from two hundred to a thousand people. These were people of different religious denominations: Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists. However, the total number of German settlers for the Carpathian region was a small percentage of the population.

In the Carpathian cities and mountainous regions, the remnants of the trenches and other fortifications of the First World War, which are still poorly understood by our ethnographers, are preserved. We have detected only one microtop “German trenches” at this time in the village. Zagorya of Galitsky area. The German microtoponyms in the Precarpathian region are historical monuments that testify to the presence of this national minority and the cultures of Ukrainians and Germans.