“LIFE IS EXPENSIVE, YOU SHOULD HAVE A ‘SUPPLEMENT INCOME’ IN ADDITION TO YOUR SALARY…”: “SIDELINES” AND ADDITIONAL EARNINGS OF THE UKRAINIAN INTELLIGENTSIA OF GALICIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th – EARLY 20th CENTURY

Abstract

Based on personal data, the article highlights the sources of additional earnings and the scope of extracurricular activities of the Ukrainian-Galician intelligentsia in the second half of the 19^th - early 20^th century. It is noted that looking for additional sources of income was common practice for people of intellectual labour, because their main professional activity could not always provide a decent standard of living. In addition to earnings, attention is paid to other reasons, which prompted intellectuals to combine several professions: the need to unlock the creative potential or to join Ukrainian national organizations and societies, cultural and educational life of the region.

Lawyers, teachers, priests, and other intellectuals became publishers, editors, writers, journalists, and politicians. Typically, the “sideline” was associated with their basic and acquired education. Many Ukrainian intel­lectuals engaged in scientific activities, became authors of the first Ukrainian-language textbooks and developed Ukrainian scientific terminology. During this period, journalistic activity and journalism developed rapidly, gradually becoming an independent profession and the most popular field, which involved a large number of intellectuals. The literary activity was popular as well, which could “overshadow” the core business line later. Participation in representative bodies such as the Galician Sejm, the State Council, political parties, and public activities can be regarded as a “sideline”, which made demands on intellectuals’ time and energy.

Keywords: intelligentsia, Galicia, “sideline”, additional earnings, social and political activities.