Structural Transformations of Employment in Global Energy in the Context of Transnationalization of Labor Resources Provision

Abstract

The article examines the structural transformations of employment in the global energy sector in the context of the transnationalization of labour supply. It is established that, in the clean energy sector, employment growth has outpaced total employment growth worldwide. It has been determined that, as a result of large-scale investments, the number of people employed in clean energy has exceeded that of jobs in fossil fuels. It is emphasised that since most jobs in the energy sector can’t be transferred abroad, the role of the transnational factor in the development of the energy sector is growing. The international scale of labour use characterises these sectors and is a key source of employment in every world region. Global trends in energy development shape the prospects of energy transnational companies, and the number of jobs crucially depends on the pace of the transition to clean energy. At the same time, the limited supply of workers with the necessary qualifications on the energy labour market creates high competition for employees, putting energy TNCs in the position of having to provide labour through labour retraining. It is concluded that the labour supply in the clean energy sector and the solution to the problems of fossil fuel sector workers require a comprehensive approach at the international, national, and company levels, including developing the necessary skills and providing appropriate institutional support. It is proven that the transition to green energy is closely linked to employment policy, as it entails significant changes in the energy sector's job structure, requiring a comprehensive approach at all levels to retrain and further employ displaced fossil fuel workers. As a result of the research, a Conceptual and structural model of the transnationalization of labour resource provision in the global energy sector was developed, reflecting the systemic integration of labour resources in the worldwide energy sector, driven by global economic and technological changes.