Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement

The editorial board of the "Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University" adheres to the principles of publication ethics and follows the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), based on the Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors (http://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines). Authors and reviewers must also comply with these guidelines.

Authors submitting an article for review agree that plagiarism and fraud are not only crimes but also disgraceful actions in the academic environment. All materials are checked for plagiarism using the StrikePlagiarism.com system before the editorial process and are sent to the authors for review.

The editorial board of the "Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University" assumes that all authors listed in the submitted manuscript have made a significant contribution to writing the article and formulating its scientific novelty.

When submitting an article, the authors must define the role of each contributor and indicate this in the cover letter, which must include the signatures of all authors. The roles of individual contributions should be described in accordance with the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) –  please refer to it before submission.

The definition of an author (co-author) of a scientific article corresponds to the approach recommended by COPE. An author is considered to be a person who initiates or develops the idea (e.g., the author of a scientific theory), as well as someone who actively participates in the creation and implementation of results that represent an intellectual or creative contribution. Author status implies that the individual has personally conducted the research and has not violated copyright or the rights of others.

The specific contributions of each author will be outlined in the Author Contributions section of the article. Example:

Author Contributions:

Conceptualization: V. Yakubiv, O. Budnyk, Y. Maksymiv.
Data curation: Y. Maksymiv.
Formal analysis: V. Yakubiv.
Investigation: V. Yakubiv, O. Budnyk.
Methodology: V. Yakubiv, O. Budnyk, Y. Maksymiv.
Project administration: O. Budnyk, Y. Maksymiv.
Supervision: O. Budnyk, Y. Maksymiv.

Validation: V. Yakubiv, Y. Maksymiv.

Visualization: V. Yakubiv.
Writing – original draft: Y. Maksymiv.
Writing – review & editing: V. Yakubiv, O. Budnyk.

In the case of a single-author article, the following contribution statement is required: “Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, and Writing – review & editing were carried out by the sole author”.

In the case where all authors contributed equally, the following statement should be included: “Each author contributed equally to all aspects of this research, including Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, and Writing – review & editing”.

Please note that a single individual may perform multiple roles - researchers often contribute in various ways to the preparation of a scientific article and, therefore, may be assigned several roles according to the CRediT.

Likewise, the same role may be attributed to multiple contributors - that is, several individuals may share the same function within the research.

Some roles may not be applicable - as each scientific work has its own specific features, certain roles listed in the CRediT – Contributor Roles Taxonomy may not be relevant to a particular study, and in such cases, they may be omitted.

It should be taken into account that if the translation of the article into English is carried out by a separate individual who did not directly participate in the scientific research, this person cannot be listed among the authors. In such cases, the translator should be mentioned in the Acknowledgments section, provided they are not a co-author. However, if the translator is a co-author and their work involved adaptation of content, terminology, and style, they have full right to be credited with the role of Writing – Review & Editing or Writing – Original Draft in accordance with their contribution.

Decisions on the publication of submitted articles are based on the academic value of the manuscript, as determined by the conclusions of two reviewers (double-blind review). More details can be found in the Peer Review Process section (https://journals.pnu.edu.ua/index.php/jpnu/PeerReview).

The editorial board does not disclose information about submitted manuscripts, as the material received for review is considered a confidential document.

Editors and reviewers are obligated to decline the review of manuscripts if there is a conflict of interest due to competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with the authors or organizations associated with the manuscript.

The editorial board is committed to taking responsive measures in case of conflicts and claims regarding manuscripts or published materials.

Authors should understand that the retraction of an article can only be initiated before its publication in the "Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University". If there are objective reasons for retraction, the authors must write a clear letter with a detailed explanation of why the manuscript needs to be retracted (signed by all authors). The retracted manuscript is completely removed from the publisher's database, and the copyright remains with the authors of the retracted manuscript.

The retraction of a published article is carried out in accordance with the COPE publication principles: https://publicationethics.org/retraction-guidelines.