Oxidative Stress in Muscle Growth and Adaptation to Physical Exercise

Abstract

In a few last decades oxidative stress detected in a variety of physiological processes
where reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play a central role. They
are directly involved in oxidation of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. In certain concentrations
they are necessary for cell division, proliferation and apoptosis. Contractile muscle tissue at aerobic
conditions form high ROS flow that may modulate a variety of cell functions, for example
proliferation. However, slight increase in ROS level provide hormetic effect which may participate
in adaptation to heavy weight training resulted in hypertrophy and proliferation of skeletal muscle
fibers. This review will discuss ROS types, sites of generation, strategies to increase force
production and achieve skeletal muscle hypertrophy