LANGUAGE-HISTORICAL PROCESSES OF LINGUISTIC SCIENCE

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of linguistic and historical processes in the development of linguistic science. The author examines the main stages of the development of linguistics, from antiquity to the present, paying attention to the contributions of outstanding scientists who laid the foundations of linguistic theories and research methods. Special attention is paid to the formation of key concepts that have become the foundation for understanding language as a dynamic phenomenon. Linguistic processes are considered in the historical context, including the evolution of languages under the influence of socio-historical changes, the formation of language families, national languages and dialects. Special emphasis is placed on cross-linguistic interaction, in particular on the phenomena of borrowing, language assimilation and the formation of mixed languages. The article analyzes both internal and external factors affecting language systems in different eras. Current trends in linguistic research are presented through the prism of an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses the integration of linguistics with cognitive sciences, sociology, neurolinguistics, and information technology. The impact of globalization and digitalization on language processes is highlighted separately, which leads to new challenges for the preservation of linguistic diversity. The article offers prospects for the development of linguistics in the XXI century, in particular in the context of adaptation to the conditions of the global world and the ethical use of language technologies. The article states that the ways of the development of linguistics are aimed at preserving linguistic diversity by creating digital archives, educational programs and online resources to support little-used languages. Attention is focused on the fact that the integration of new methodologies in linguistics includes the use of artificial intelligence for automatic text analysis and language synthesis, as well as the development of cognitive linguistics in connection with neurosciences for the study of speech and thinking. The use of big data contributes to the discovery of new patterns in languages that remained imperceptible before.