LIFE AND REIGN OF PRINCE ROMAN MSTYSLAVOVYCH IN THE LIGHT OF STATISTICAL DATA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15330/gal.39.28-43Keywords:
Prince Roman Mstyslavovych, autocrat of all Rus’, statistics, memorialization, written sources, military campaigns and battles, Zawichost, June 19, 1205.Abstract
The article is devoted to a statistical summarization of source evidence about the life, reign and memorialization of the prince and autocrat of all Rus’, Roman Mstyslavovych. The author has studied a vast array of diverse sources (litopyses, chronicles, annals, literary, official documents, obituaries), which mention the Ruthenian ruler. These are materials written by authors or compilers contemporary to Prince Roman, prepared during the 13th century – more or less distant from the time of his death on June 19, 1205 near Zawichost – as well as a considerable number of the sources from the 14th–17th centuries. It has been confirmed that Roman Mstyslavovych did not belong to the persons, especially honored by the attention of historians during his lifetime. The number of notes directly related to him (including in the family circle) from the second half of the 12th – first third of the 14th century is 159. We also can count 49 post mortem entries (including 24 exclusively on the pages of the Romanids chronicle of the 13th century). Compared to other Ruthenian princes, the greatest attention of the sources was focused on the fact and circumstances of his death, as well as the memorialization of the prince’s life in the family circle of the 13th – first half of the 14th century. It has been established that from the 14th century, three main directions of “remembering” Roman Mstyslavovych and weaving his policy into separate grand narratives of late medieval and early modern historiography gradually formed. The prince remained the most popular figure for intellectual circles in the Rus’ (Ukrainian) lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland, where he enjoyed great piety. The memory of Prince Roman was not foreign to Polish authors, whose generally negative image was finally consolidated in the 15th century by Jan Długosz. And only in the margins was the “autocrat of all Rus’” “remembered” by the compilers of works of Novgorod, Pskov, Smolensk or Moscow origin of the 15th–17th centuries. At the same time, we have at least 18 separate cases of noting the prince by name, name with patronymic, or by titles, some of which are a figment of the imagination of the compilers of the sources. It should also be noted that in addition to the thrones of the four cities to which Roman Mstyslavovych had a direct relationship (Novgorod, Volodymyr, Halych and Kyiv), we know of 12 separate military expeditions and three battles in which he personally participated. Two of these battles – near Mozgawa on September 13, 1195 and Zawichost on June 19, 1205 – are among the most documented of the entire list of Ruthenian-Polish military conflicts of the 11th – mid-14th centuries.
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