SEMIOTICS AND TECHNIQUES OF HUTSUL EMBROIDERY IN THE CONTEXT OF NATIONAL IDENTITY

Abstract

The article presents an in-depth analysis of Hutsul embroidery as a unique cultural phenomenon that integrates aesthetic, symbolic, ritual, and communicative aspects. Embroidery is examined not merely as a form of traditional decorative or applied art, but as a complex medium for preserving collective memory, shaping and transmitting national identity, and reinforcing worldview concepts and sacred knowledge. The focus of the study is the Hutsul region – an area with a high level of ethnocultural distinctiveness, where embroidery traditions have been preserved in an exceptionally authentic form. The study draws upon historical sources and the works of researchers such as I. Vahylevych, V. Shukhevych, I. Honchar, among others, who documented elements of traditional clothing and embroidery. Embroidery is interpreted as a visual text – a system of signs capable of conveying information about social status, lineage, age, sacred beliefs, and regional identity. The article provides a detailed analysis of the characteristic techniques of Hutsul embroidery, including nyzynka (underrunning stich), zanyzuvannia (reverse stitch), satin stitch, cross-stitch, and prutyk, which are viewed as examples of technological diversity and local craftsmanship. The ornamentation system is also examined, being based on symbols with sacred, protective, and cosmological meanings: the rhombus (fertility, feminine principle), rosette (sun, eternity), infinity symbol (continuity of existence), cross (protection, faith), and comb patterns (movement of energy). The role of color is analyzed as a semantic marker, varying according to local traditions: red, black, yellow, and green function as codes conveying vital, sacred, and protective meanings. In the contemporary context, embroidery acquires new functions – serving as a tool for creative self-expression, cultural therapy, and a means of dialogue between generations. It is particularly valuable in educational settings, fostering a deeper understanding of national heritage. The article emphasizes the importance of preserving, rethinking, and integrating traditional embroidery into the modern cultural environment as a condition for the sustainable development of Ukrainian identity.