DIGITAL AND STEM TOOLS AS FACTORS IN ENGAGING SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ACTIVE FORMS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Abstract

The article presents a theoretical substantiation of digital and STEM tools as factors for engaging middle school students in active forms of physical education. The relevance of the study is обусловлена a decrease in students’ physical activity, limited effectiveness of traditional teaching approaches, and the growing influence of the digital environment on modern learners’ educational needs. The purpose of the article is to analyze scientific approaches to integrating digital and STEM technologies into physical education and to develop a theoretical model explaining the relationship between technologies, motivation, and physical activity. The potential of digital technologies (mobile applications, fitness trackers, VR/AR environments) and STEM tools (sensors, data analysis, project-based learning) is analyzed as means of increasing students’ interest, personalization of learning, and development of cognitive engagement. The theoretical framework is based on Self-Determination Theory, the concept of situational interest, and connectivism. The paper proposes the TMA model (Technology – Motivation – Activity), which integrates technological, motivational, behavioral, and contextual components and explains the mechanism through which digital and STEM tools influence the development of intrinsic motivation for physical activity. It is concluded that, when implemented pedagogically appropriately, digital and STEM technologies can satisfy students’ basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), enhance participation in physical education classes, and promote the development of motor competence. The study also highlights the importance of teacher training, methodological support, and institutional resources in ensuring sustainable integration of technology into physical education practice. Further empirical research is recommended to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model in secondary school settings.