Influence of Cultivation Conditions and Processing Technologies on the Composition and Quality of Origanum Vulgare L. Essential Oil: a systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15330/jpnubio.12.160-167Keywords:
Origanum vulgare L., planting density, phenological stage, adaptation, plant introduction, acclimatizationAbstract
This review synthesizes research from 2010–2025 regarding factors influencing the yield, chemical composition, and industrial value of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil. By analyzing data from major scientific databases, the study evaluates agronomic practices, genetic variability, and post-harvest methods. Results indicate that cultivation factors, including irrigation, fertilization, and substrate quality, strongly modulate oil biosynthesis. Phenological stage is crucial, with full flowering maximizing biomass and oil yield, while genetic chemotypes (carvacrol vs. thymol) determine chemical profiles. Furthermore, effective post-harvest techniques, such as shade or microwave drying, are vital for preserving bioactive properties for pharmaceutical and food applications. Despite extensive research, the review identifies gaps regarding integrated cultivation strategies and data specific to temperate climates. Inconsistent processing protocols further complicate standardization. Consequently, the authors advocate for a holistic production approach—integrating optimized agronomy, genetic selection, and standardized post-harvest methods—to ensure high-quality, chemically stable essential oils for industrial use.
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