The Role of Antioxidants in Rehabilitation after Stroke
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15330/jpnubio.12.4-19Keywords:
Antiooxidants, stroke, oxidative stress, rehabilitation, neuroplasticity, ROS, nanoparticles, drug deliveryAbstract
Stroke remains a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, and oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in its pathogenesis and the limitation of functional recovery. This review summarizes current understanding of oxidative stress mechanisms after ischemic stroke and the therapeutic potential of antioxidants in post-stroke rehabilitation. During ischemia and reperfusion, excessive production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) leads to lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, which impair neuroplasticity and functional recovery. Endogenous enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants, maintain redox homeostasis but often become insufficient under pathological conditions. Exogenous antioxidants, including vitamins, polyphenols, coenzyme Q10, and pharmacological agents such as edaravone, can reduce oxidative damage and support neuronal survival. Antioxidants acting through Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways also modulate inflammation and enhance neurogenesis. Although preclinical data are promising, clinical results remain inconsistent, emphasizing the need for personalized and combined strategies that integrate pharmacological antioxidants, antioxidant-rich nutrition, and advanced delivery systems such as nanoparticles and hydrogels. These combined approaches may enhance neuroplasticity and improve rehabilitation outcomes for stroke survivors.
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